2. Management Roles l Management functions and roles l How is the management of HCOs different? l What are the challenges of HCOs management in the 90s and beyond? l What are the necessary skills for HCO managers in the 90s and beyond?

3. What is a manager? l Definition l By levels n Senior management n Mid-level management n Supervisory or first-line management.

4. What is management? l A process aimed at accomplishing organizational objectives through the utilization of human and other resources.

5. What do managers do? l Management functions and roles l Traditional model versus the Trinity model.

6. Traditional model of management Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling

7. Planning l Deal with the present and anticipate the future. l Long-term or short-term. l Environment assessment -> Organizational Strategy (objectives and actions) -> Allocate resources

8. Organizing l Organizational structure n Work and job design n Departmentation n Authority and responsibility relationships n Ccoordinating among units

9. Staffing l Acquiring and retaining human resources. n Planning n Job analysis n Recruitment n Performance appraisal n Compensation and benefits.

10. Directing l Interpersonal: socio-behavioral aspects of management. n Motivating n Leading n Communicating.

11. Controlling l Are results consistent with organizational objectives? n Monitoring performance n Adjusting and improving performance.

12. Trinity model of management Designer LeaderStrategist

13. Management Roles l Designer n Internal focus l Strategist n Maintain an outward look for opportunities and threats. l Leader n Organizational transformation n Power brokers

14. Management Skills l Conceptual l Human l Technical

15. How is the management of HCOs different? l Difficult to measure quality of care. l Work activities are highly interdependent. l High degree of specialization. l Primary loyalty belongs to the profession. l Minimum managerial control over physicians.

16. Challenges of HCOs management in the 90s and beyond? (External) l Demand for greater accountability. l Financing: shift to risk-based contracts. l Changes in technology emphasizing outpatient and home treatment. l Growth of information technology. l Aging of the population and chronic diseases. l Increasing population diversity.

17. Challenges of HCOs management in the 90s and beyond? (Internal) l Changes within organizations: Moving from the reactive acute care paradigm to a more holistic paradigm of providing a coordinated continuum of services that will enhance the health status of populations.

18. Skills for HCO managers in the 90s and beyond? l Managing costs and quality l Managing in a turbulent environment l Managing interdependencies l Transformational leadership