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Muscles Origins and Insertions
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Muscles from pg. 44-45 in text
Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Sternocleidomastoid Broad superficial muscle running up each side of the neck Agonist Flexes and rotates the head Sternum Clavicle Mastoid process Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Splenius Runs posterior joins skull and spine Agonist Flexes and rotates the head Cervical & thoracic vertebrae Temporal &occipital lobes
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Neck Muscles
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Thoracic Cage Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Longissimus Lateral to spinalis Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar vertebrae Mastoid process & cervical vertebrae Spinalis Most medial attaches to vertebrae Illiocostalis Most lateral Saccrum, Lumbar vertebrae, Ribs Cervical vertebrae & Ribs
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Back Muscles
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Thoracic Cage Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Diaphragm Anatomical Divider Agonist Decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity Sternum, Ribs, Lumbar vertebrae Central tendon Intercostals Muscles in between ribs Elevates, Depresses ribs Inferior aspect of all ribs Superior aspect of all ribs Transverse Thoracis Triangle muscles under ab wall Pulls abdominal wall invward Xiphoid process Cartilidge of ribs 2-6
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Thoracic Cage
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Abdominal Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Rectus Abdominus Wash board look Agonist Flex trunk, Aids in some expiration Child birth Symphysis pubis & pubic crest Xiphoid Process Inferior ribs External Obliques Flex and rotate the vertebral column Lower eight ribs Iliac Crest, Pubis Quadratus Lumborum Deep muscle Extend and laterally bends the vertebral column Iliac Crest and Lumbar vertebra 12th Rib and upper lumbar vertebrae
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Abdominals
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Moving Upper Limb Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Pectoralis Major Thick Muscles covering the chest Prime Mover Internal rotation, adduction and flexion of the arm Clavicle, Sternum, Costal cartilage of first 6 ribs. Intertubercular groove Latissimus Dorsi “Lats” V shape Adductor, Extensor and internal rotator of the arm Lower Thoracic and Lumber verts. Iliac Crest and sacrum Humerus
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Rotator Cuff Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion
Supraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder joint. Abducts shoulder Above scapular spine (supraspinous fossa) Greater Tubercle of Humerus Infraspinatus Stabilize shoulder joint. Lateral rotation Below scapular spine (infraspinous fossa) Teres Minor Stabilize shoulder joint. Lateral rotation. Lateral border of scapula Subscapularis Stabilizer Rotates medially and stabilizes shoulder Iliac Crest and Lumbar vertebra Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
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Scapular Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Trapezius Agonist Scapular elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation & extends neck Occipital bone, Cervical & thoracic vertebrae Spine of Scapula, acromion process &clavicle Rhomboids Major & Minor Assist Traps in downward rotation of scapular &adduction of scapula Maj. T2-T5 Min. C1-T1 Medial border of the scapula Levator Scapulae Elevates scapula Base of skull & upper cervical vertebrae Upper medial border of scapula Serratus anterior Stabilizer Upward rotation & abduction of the scapula Ribs 1-8
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Scapular Muscles cont. Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Pectoralis Minor Agonist Elevates ribs & Depresses Scapula Ribs 3,4,5 Coracoid process
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Muscles that move Humerus
Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Deltoids Three heads Anterior, lateral, posterior Agonist Laterally abducts arms, Medial and lateral rotation From the clavicle to the acromion to scapular spine Humerus (Deltoid tuberosity) Coracobrachialis Flexor and arm adductor Coracoid Process Teres Major Medial rotator and adductor Lateral Border of the scapula
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Elbow Flexors & Extensors
Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Bicep Brachii Agonist Supinator and flexor of the arm 2 places Short head on corracoid Long Head superior glenoid fossa Radius Radial TUberosity Brachialis Pronator and arem flexor Anterior surface of humerus Coronoid process Tricep Brachii Arm Extensor 1)Lateral head – posterior humerus 2)Long Head – infragleniod fossa 3)Medial head posterior humerus Olecranon Brachioradialis Elbow flexor, very powerful when arm is pronated Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Supination and Pronation of the Forearm
Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Pronator Quadratus Agonist Pronates forearm Anterior surface of distal ulna Distal surface of radius Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid porcess Lateral mid shaft of radius Supinator Supinates forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral aspect of radius
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Extrinsic Hand Muscles
Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Flexor – Pronator Group Agonist Pronator and flexor of the wrist and digits Medial epicondyle of the humerus Meta carpals Phalanges Extensor – Supinator Supinator and flexor of wrist ad digits Lateral epicondyle of humerus Meta Carpals
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Pelvic Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin
Insertion Gluteus Maximus Agonist Hip extension and external rotation Illiac crest saccrum and coccyx Greater trochanter Medius Abduction and internal rotation Anterior surface of the illiac crest Posterior surface of greater trochanter Sartorius Hip Flexion Outward rotation Medial surface of the tibia
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Gluteus Max, Med, Min
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Hip Adductors Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion
Illiopsoas Agonist Hip and trunk felxion Ilium and lumbar vertebrae Lesser Trochanter of the Femur Adductor longus Hip Adduction Pubis Femur magnus Hip adduction and extension Pubis and ischium
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Hip Muscles
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Quadriceps Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion
Rectus Femoris Agonist Knee Extension and Hip Flexion Iliac crest Patellar Tendon Vastus Lateralis Knee Extension Femur Vastus intermedius Vastus Medialis
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Quadriceps
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Hamstrings Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion
Bicep Femoris Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates knee externally, extends hip Ischium Head of Fibula Semimembranosus Flexes knee, Rotates knee internally, extends hip Medial tibial condyle Semitendinosus Flexes knee, Rotates knee internally
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Hamstrings
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Lower Leg Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion
Tibialis Anterior Agonist Dorsi Flexes ankle and inverts foot Anterior shaft of tibia Metatarsals Gastrocnemius Plantar Flexes ankle and felxes knee Medial and Lateral Condyles Calcaneous Soleus Plantar Flexes ankle Fibula
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Lower Leg Muscles
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