1. 1. Why did the Irish Emigrate Quiz 1.List 3 push factors for the Irish emigrating 2.What year/s was the Irish potato blight? 3.What job were the Irish reliant on? 4.Who was slow to act? 5.List 3 pull factors for the Irish 6.Name 3 jobs the Irish did 7.What 2 things were available in growing cities? 8.List 3 places the Irish settled? 9.Describe relations between Irish and Scots 10.Why was this?

2. 1. Why did Irish People Come to Scotland? PUSH 1.Irish population x2 between in 50 years to 1841 2.Few modern industries 3.poverty, low wages and terrible living conditions 4.Depended on farming & very little land – 5.became dependent on potatoes 6.Starvation and terrible diets after 1848 Potato Blight 7.Situation made worse as British Government too slow to act and many landlords used the crisis to take away people’s homes 8.Many could not pay rents 9.Some were forced to leave by landlords 10.Where should they go: Scotland closest

3. 1. Why did Irish People Come to Scotland? PUSH 1.Irish population ___ between in 50 years to 1841 2.Few... 3.Depended on ______ but very little.... 4.became dependent on... 5.Starvation and terrible diets after 1848... 6.Situation made worse by... 7.Many could not pay... 8.Some were forced to leave by... 9.Where should they go:...

4. 1. Why did Irish People Come to Scotland? PULL 1.Jobs e.Gx2 2.____better than in Ireland 3.Easy.... By steamer 4.Short trip to.... 5.__________available in growing Scottish cities 6.Existing communities encouraged by... 7._________had a role by providing....

5. 1. Why did Irish People Come to Scotland? PULL 1.Jobs e.g. navvying, building, textiles, coal mines farm work 2.Pay better than in Ireland = skilled could earn more 3.Easy travel: New ‘steamers’ meant it was easier, quicker and cheaper to leave 4.Short trip to West Coast and Glasgow 5.Housing available in growing Scottish cities 6.Existing communities: Families wrote back to relatives to encourage emigration to Scotland for a better life 7.Catholic Church had a role in this with Church, social groups, poor relief and sports teams

6. 1. Where did the Irish settle? 1.Most in Glasgow, South West, Edinburgh and Dundee 2.Hostile neighbours: Alarm at large number of poor Irish arriving= created pressure on housing and jobs 3.Made worse by Scottish migration 4.Lived in poorest housing with cheapest rents. 5.Disease flourished = bad water supplies & sewage systems 6.Irish suffered because of weakened health from famine 7.19 th century improvements to living conditions in cities e.g. Glasgow.

7. 1. Where did the Irish settle? 1.Most in ___________, South West, _________and Dundee 2._________ neighbours: Alarm at large number of _______ _________ arriving = created pressure on ________&________ 3.Made worse by _______ ________ 4.Lived in _________ housing with ________rents 5.Lived in __________, overcrowding and degradation in _________ _________ ________________ 6.___________ flourished = bad water supplies &_______ 7.Irish suffered because of weakened health with________ 8.19 th century improvements to _________ __________in cities e.g. ____________

8. 1. What did the Irish do? Jobs: Worked on farms, mines, navvy work, textiles, some factories Cheap labour: worked for less pay Prejudice: Many found it difficult to secure a job because they were Irish and Catholic Catholic church central: set up schools, churches, social groups, poor relief and sports teams

9. 1. What did the Irish do? Jobs: Cheap ___________: worked for less_________ Prejudice: Many found it difficult to secure a job because... _______ ________ central: set up...

10. 2. Relations between Irish & Scots Quiz 1.What organisation was central for Irish? 2.List 3 things it provided? 3.Why did this have a negative impact for Irish? 4.Who also opposed Irish? 5.What did they set up? 6.What did the Irish feel like in Scotland? 7.Why did the Scots make them feel like this? 8.3 reasons relations improved? 9.What did the Irish join? 10. What did Irish children do?

11. 2. Relations between Irish and the Scots Most Catholic Protestant Scotland Church = worship gave them a place to meet other Irish Catholics organised youth clubs and trips Football teams (Celtic, Hibs and Dundee United) schools Helped with clothes, food and a place to stay. Educated priests could supply advice and guidance to the new Irish immigrants

12. 2. Relations between Irish and the Scots Most Irish religion = But Scotland = Church for x3 things: egs of Football teams = schools Helped with...

13. 2. Results of separate community? =kept to themselves to maintain own customs and religious habits = caused resentment among Scots = didn’t help Irish mix Problems with Irish Protestants: Immigrants from Northern Ireland, e.g. Ulster and Protestant Trouble: set up Orange Order and supported Rangers Football Club They often fought with Catholic Irish

14. 2. Results of separate community? =kept to themselves to... = didn’t help Irish... Problems with Irish Protestants:... Trouble= 2 organisations that protected Protestants = They often fought with Catholic Irish

15. 2. Relations between Scots and Irish: problems Fighting between religions Irish felt like ‘aliens in an alien society’ Scots prejudice Claims about the Irish being thieves, troublemakers and drunkards Jobs: Irish discriminated against Scots disliked Irish because of claims they were stealing jobs and houses = Irish worked for less pay some Scots lost livelihood Thought Irish had lower standards and generally less educated and inferior

16. 2. Relations between Scots and Irish: problems Fighting between religions Irish felt like.... Scots prejudice – x3 things they though about Irish=

17. 2. Did relations improve? Scots employers found the Irish to be good, reliable workers and quick to learn = reputation improved Irish made a vital contribution to Scotland’s growing wealth Antisocial Irish behaviour no worse than Scots Irish joined Trade Unions to help workers improve pay & conditions = encouraged Scots/Irish workers to join Democracy: campaigns to get vote, important voice in the new Labour Party WWI: Irish community fought and this helped gain acceptation Marriage between Scots and Irish increased Some Irish changed their names to Scottish ones Irish children born in Scotland absorbed themselves in Scottish ways more than parents

18. 2. Did relations improve? Scots employers found the Irish to be ______ workers and quick to learn = ________ improved Irish made a vital contribution to Scotland’s________ ________ ________ Irish behaviour no worse than________ Irish joined _______ ________to help workers improve pay & conditions = encouraged Scots/Irish workers to________ Democracy: campaigns to get ________, important voice in the new _______ Party WW1: Irish community fought and this helped gain_________ __________ between Scots and Irish increased Some Irish changed their _______ to Scottish ones Irish ________born in Scotland absorbed themselves in Scottish ways more than_________

19. 3. Who else came Quiz 1.3 main reasons for people coming 2.Main date they came? 3.Which groups largest? 4.Where did they tend to go? 5.Jobs that Italians did? 6.Jobs that Jews did? 7.Jobs that Lithuanians did? 8.Why did Scots worry about wages? 9.What did they say about their characters? 10.What was the Aliens Act?

20. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? X3 main groups Jews Italians Lithuanians Wanted to escape: Poverty Pogroms Worked in different areas Scots not very welcoming at first But most did well

21. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? X3 main groups = Wanted to escape: X2... Welcome was...

22. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Jews: Why they came: from Russian Fled poverty and pogroms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_4kU9cwgXM 1939 - Nazi Germany and Austria. Pogrom = an organised attack on a ethnic group or population

23. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Jews: Why they came: From... (x2) Pogrom =...

24. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Jews: Where did they go? 1914 – 9000+ in Glasgow (1% of the total population) set up synagogues, founded social and cultural organisations, and educated their children. Work: Tailoring Cigarette industry in Glasgow

25. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Jews: Where did they go? 1914 – 9000+ in... Work: x2

26. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Did Scots welcome Jews? XThought they under-cut wages XThought brought disease XAnti-Jewish organisations eg ‘BritishBrothers League’ X1905 – Aliens Act – 1 st British act to introduce immigration controls Jewish community did well

27. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Did Scots welcome Jews? XWages fear because... XThought brought... XAnti-Jewish organisations eg... X1905 – __________ Act – 1 st British act to introduce immigration controls Jewish community did well

28. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Italians Why they came: 6000+ came in 1890s Came to escape poverty. After WW1 – another 4,000 arrived Glasgow largest Italian population in Scotland

29. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Italians Why they came: _____+ came in 1890s Came to escape... Largest numbers in...

30. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Italians: What they did? = x3 Scots Welcome shopkeepers felt threatened because... In 1906 the British Women's Temperance Association campaigned against...

31. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Lithuanians: Why came? Because... Wanted to get to... What they did: But stayed to work in... Eg __________ : 5000 to 6000

32. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Lithuanians - Scots welcome? XMiners disliked them XLanarkshire Miners' Union helped strikes XThought they cut wages XUnhappy they’re Catholics XLithuanians seen as drunkards Won respect from locals for their community spirit And for joining Unions to improve working conditions.

33. 3. Immigration to Scotland: Who else came? Lithuanians - Scots welcome? X_________Miners' Union helped strikes XThought they cut... XUnhappy they’re... XLithuanians seen as... But respected for joining Unions to...

34. 3. Who else came Quiz 1.3 main reasons for people coming 2.Main date they came? 3.Which groups largest? 4.Where did they tend to go? 5.Jobs that Italians did? 6.Jobs that Jews did? 7.Jobs that Lithuanians did? 8.Why did Scots worry about wages? 9.What did they say about their characters? 10.What was the Aliens Act?

35. 4. Scottish Emigration Quiz 1.List 3 push reasons Scots left 2.Which industries declined? 3.What new laws that effected this? 4.Why did some leave for Australia? 5.List 3 pull factors Scots left 6.What did foreign governments do? 7.What did the British Gov do? 8.What charity helped? 9.Give 2 examples of why religion was important 10.Why did women go?

36. 4. Scottish Emigration : PUSH Poverty Decline in kelp industry, herring fishing and need for less farmers Irish immigrants were competing for jobs for less wages Highland clearances: crofters were forced off land to make way for sheep and deer. Lack of land: crofting becoming unprofitable. New Laws: Government made the landowners responsible for the wellbeing of tenants = to avoid costs of supporting poor on land, many forced or helped them to emigrate - paid for ticket abroad Scots potato blight 1848 Living conditions poor Population increasing, overcrowding & increased competition for jobs, land and housing = easier life abroad Some forced to go abroad as convicts. Van Deiman’s Land in Australia became a convict settlement.

37. 4. Scottish Emigration : PUSH Decline in x3 industries = Irish immigrants... Highland clearances: = New Laws: = Scots potato blight... Population increase meant... Some forced to go abroad =

38. 4. Scottish Emigration PULL FACTORS Opportunities: attraction of better life abroad Existing Communities: Relatives wrote back describing improved lifestyle, weather to persuade others to join them New healthy environment = SUNNY OZ £££ Land: generally cheap and abundant Travel: easier to emigrate, as travel quicker (steamships) Fortunes: heard about gold – EG OZ Government Organisations: provided assistance with fare, Highland & Islands Emigration Society helped fund emigration to Australia British Government: help people emigrate came in 1930s - attempt to reduce unemployment after WW1 Charities: Barnardos helped children emigrate Single women in demand: giving much help to emigrate = became nannies & housekeepers

39. 4. Scottish Emigration PULL FACTORS Opportunities: = Existing Communities:... New healthy environment =... X3 reasons to go Government Organisations: eg Charities: eg Single women in demand:...

40. 4. Scottish Emigration Landowners cancelled debts, let crofters sell their stock and helped with passage Agents: gave talks on benefits of emigration - inspired many to leave Pamphlets were handed out Newspapers adverts describing the better lives & opportunities Presentations from successful emigrants to persuade Foreign Governments: offered inducements of land and help costs = help open up country and develop its economy. Religion: convert people to Christianity = E.G. missionaries David Livingstone and Mary Slessor

41. 4. Scottish Emigration Landowners helped by: Agents:... Newspapers... Foreign Governments: eg... Religion: eg...

42. 4. Scottish Emigration The Pull reasons why the Scots left Scotland cont… _______cancelled debts, let crofters sell their stock and helped with________ Agents: gave________ on benefits of emigration - inspired many to leave ______ were handed out _________ adverts describing the_______ & ________ Presentations from ________ _______to persuade Foreign __________: offered inducements of _______ and help costs = help open up country and develop its ________ _______: better climate__________ Religion: convert people to _________= E.G. missionaries _______ ________and Mary__________

43. 5. Scots Abroad Quiz 1.Name 3 countries the Scots emigrated to 2.What was the travel like? 3.List 3 problems the Scots faced when they arrived? 4.List 3 areas Scots were successful 5.Why was this? 6.Why did countries want Scots? 7.Name 3 successful Scots 8.What did some do with their £££? 9.List 3 reasons some Scots came back 10.List 3 ways Scots kept their heritage

44. 5. The Scots Abroad Where they went to: Most went to Canada, America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, England Journeys to took a long time on sailing ships Journey times reduced: steam ships took over in the later 19 th century Many travelled in cramped, miserable and unhealthy conditions

45. 5. The Scots Abroad Where they went to: Most went to_________ _________to took a long time on sailing ships Journey times reduced: ________ ________took over in the later 19 th century Many travelled in________, miserable and _________conditions

46. 5. What it was like? Scots faced harsh climates and difficult terrain in their new homes Some got good cheap land, ready to plough Problems with natives resisting losing land to the new emigrants Scots killed natives to get land - helped in the destruction of native’s way of life Scots took part in the gold rush of the 19 th century, not only in America but also in Australia Convicts experience: varied greatly from great deal of freedom to being treated cruelly System ended 1868 because Australia well developed as place for free settlers

47. 5. What it was like? Scots faced ________ _______and difficult terrain in their new homes Some got good cheap ______cheap, ready to_________ Problems with _______resisting losing land to the new emigrants Scots killed natives to ______ _______- helped in_____________ Scots took part in ________ _______of the 19 th century, not only in America but also in_________ Convicts experience: varied greatly from great deal of _______to being treated ___________ System ended ________because Australia____________________

48. 5. Why Scots were successful? Scottish emigrants enjoyed great success overseas and England Successful in industry, finance, politics & education Success due to their education & skills many used to harsh Scottish conditions Created and developed large farms and these farms produced wool and meat for export Made fortunes some became millionaires Charity: used wealth to help less fortunate people Sent money home to Scotland such as Andrew Carnegie Entrepreneurs: John Alexander MacDonald from Glasgow = Canada’s first PM John Muir from Dunbar = America’s first National Park Andrew Carnegie from Dunfermline = richest man in world

49. 5. Why Scots were successful? Scottish emigrants enjoyed ______ ______overseas and England Successful in___________ Success due to______________ many used to_______________ Created and developed ________and these farms produced wool and meat for____________ Made ________ some became_________ Charity: used wealth to ________________ Sent money home to _________ such as Andrew Carnegie Entrepreneurs: John Alexander MacDonald from ________= Canada’s first___________ _________ from Dunbar = America’s first______________ Andrew Carnegie from Dunfermline = ____________ in world

50. 5. Why did some Scots fail? Language: Gaelic speaking Highlander not welcome by other settlers = lost tongue Some gave up & returned home Lacked money to achieve in their new world Failure to make land fertile or profitable Some found the gold rush to be all hype and lies Some homesick

51. 5. Why did some Scots fail? Language: _______speaking Highlander not welcome by other settlers =____________ Some ________& returned__________ Lacked _________to achieve in their new world Failure to make ________ _______or profitable Some found the _______ _____to be all hype and lies Some__________

52. 5. Did Scots Keep heritage? Most emigrants had real desire to remember Scots heritage Formed piped bands Organised Highland Games Set up Caledonian Societies Wore Highland dress at special occasions Retained language & dialects e.g. Doric Celebrated important days like Burns Night & New Years Day

53. 5. Did Scots Keep heritage? Most emigrants had real desire to ____________________ Formed _________ bands Organised ______ ______ Set up __________ Societies Wore _________ _________ at special occasions Retained ________& dialects e.g. _________ Celebrated important days like _________ & _________