1. Immigrants and Exiles S5 Revision Areas

2. Explain why many Irish chose to move to Scotland This is the PULL section of the Irish topic so you are looking at what attracted the Irish to Scotland. –Geography – Close therefore short journey and cheap, close enough to relatives in Ireland. –Jobs – Scotland’s job sector was booming Farm work – Irish had plenty of experience and at times such as harvest farmers needed extra help. Industry – This was growing quickly in Scotland and so there was plenty of demand for workers. Women and children could also find work in factories. Mines – Massive demand for new workers as the mines has expanded in late 19 th century. Navvies and Labourers – plenty of labouring jobs and building canals and railways.

3. What parts of Scotland did most Irish settle in? The Irish settled in areas where there was work such as: Glasgow Dundee – Jute industry Paisley Kilmarnock Edinburgh Coatbridge - Mining Some settled in the South-Western areas such as Ayrshire because it was close to Ireland

4. Worksheet 1 has questions about the topics you have just gone through

5. The organisations that helped people to emigrate The Highlands and Islands Emigration Society – Helped poor crofters to leave. The Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners – Set up by the government. Charities –Several Charities raised money to send children abroad e.g Dr Barnado’s and YMCA –The British Women’s Emigration Association

6. How and why the government encouraged emigration The government did not do much to help emigration until the twentieth century. After WWI – High unemployment – emigration was the solution. 1922 Land Settlement Act – Money could now be spent on travel, training and land purchase to help emigrants.

7. Worksheet 2

8. Where did the Scots go and why? England New Zealand Smaller numbers, part of Empire. Australia Easy to get to, higher wages and jobs that Scots were familiar with e.g. farming. America: Weather not as harsh as Canada, country more developed. Canada: Free land. Huge areas for farming. Convicts originally. Discovery of gold 1850 increased numbers

9. What did the Scots do abroad? Farming: Scots took farming skills to Canada. They cleared land and set up farms. Sheep farming in Australia and New Zealand was also introduced. The wool and meat could then be exported and so boosted the economies of these countries. Business: Plenty of Scottish business success for example John Montgomery developed the New England textile industry and Robert Dunsmuir developed coal mining in Canada Education Many people helped to develop education in places such as Canada and Australia These questions could ask how did Scots improve the land, also question their success or their impact on the countries they moved to. Natives Conflict with natives due to: -Taking over land used for hunting/farming or with sacred meaning. -Destroyed traditional way of life -Better weapons so could kill natives who resisted

10. Scots who are remembered and what they achieved Andrew Carnegie Moved from Dunfermline to Pittsburgh USA. Invested a great deal of money to enable him to buy iron and steel businesses as well as coal fields and lake steamships. This paid off, in 1901 he sold his businesses and became the richest man in the world. There are many examples of individual successes and contributions to countries. Learn a few of these, the most important is Andrew Carnegie. Many became leaders, John Alexander MacDonald from Glasgow became the first Prime Minister of Canada, Andrew Fisher was Prime Minister of Australia and Peter Fraser became Prime Minister in New Zealand. Finance and banking was another area. George Smith built up banks in the USA, Robert Fleming created the Scottish-American Trust which gave money to help expand the US railroads.

11. Worksheet 3