1. the differences the similarities the concept of fitness
Health and Fitness
the differences
the similarities
the concept of fitness
Title
Objectives (what you should learn)
Content (you should understand these issues)
Differences between health and fitness and how they are related
1. To consider the differences between health and fitness and also the ways in which they are related.
2. To consider some good exercise habits that could be adopted.
3. To be aware of the benefits that can be gained through increasing basic exercise levels.
Differences between health and fitness and how they are related.
The adoption of a healthy active lifestyle, for example:
Jobs involving manual labour
Jobs involving being on feet all day
An outdoor job
Walking/cycling to work/school
Practical leisure pursuits.
Concept of ‘fitness’
1. To consider fitness capability in terms of the various components of fitness.
2. To consider each of the separate components of fitness.
3. To consider the ways in which these components can be affected by training.
The concept of ‘fitness’ as the capability of the body to meet the daily demands made upon it with some comfort/without stress.
Fitness capability in terms of the components that serve the body in different degrees, at different times to meet different demands, either separately or in combination, including the following:
Strength (dynamic, explosive, static), Speed, Power, Cardiovascular endurance/stamina, Muscular endurance and Flexibility/Suppleness
Skill related fitness (BCART)
1. To consider the ways in which skill-related factors contribute to fitness and effective performance.
2. To be aware of how these factors interrelate with each other and also the components of fitness.
Balance
Co-ordination
Agility
Reaction time
Timing

2. Task 1 – with a partner (if possible) think why people take part in physical activity and sport (don’t click again as the possible answers will be revealed)
To improve self esteem – help feel good about yourself
To improve body shape – toned body, lose weight etc
To improve HEALTH (physical, social and mental)
For ENJOYMENT
To relieve STRESS and TENSION
To meet new people – socialise
For the COMPETITION/PHYSICAL CHALLENGE
For Aesthetic appreciation

3. Benefits continued…
These benefits of taking part in sport and physical activity can therefore be grouped into:
Physical – e.g to lose weight
Social – e.g to meet new friends
Mental – e.g to increase confidence
Aesthetic – e.g I like what it looks like

4. What is health?
What does being healthy mean? Attempt to define health. Click again when you have done this.
Health is a complete state of PHYSICAL, SOCIAL and MENTAL well-being and not merely the absence of disease.

6. What contributes to ‘good health’?

7. Being Healthy continued…..
Remember its PHYSICAL, SOCIAL and MENTAL well-being
Sleep Stress / Tension
Diet / alcohol / drugs Confidence
Exercise Self-esteem
Friends Family
Disease Happiness

8. Fitness Health related fitness and (2) Skill Related fitness.
Think of a definition for the word ‘fitness’
“Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment”
Fitness can be split into 2 categories
Health related fitness and
(2) Skill Related fitness.

9. Health Related Fitness
This refers to the type of fitness required by everyone to cope with the daily demands made of them and to still have enough energy left for emergencies.
The 6 components of general fitness are:
(1) Speed
(2) Strength
(3) Power
(4) Cardiovascular Endurance
(5) Muscular Endurance
(6) Flexibility (Suppleness)

10. General fitness continued…
These components are important in everyday life as well as for physical activity.
Strength and stamina are required to allow a person to carry out tasks such as carrying heavy shopping, climbing stairs, etc. Flexibility is important as it allows an individual to perform a range of simple movements without discomfort, e.g. tying laces, reaching for a book.

11. Task
For 2 of the sports that you think you may have in your final assessments think of 3 components of general fitness that are important, providing examples to support (e.g. badminton – flexibility – stretching to reach the shuttle low down to the ground)
Think of how having a shortfall in some of these components of fitness can affect everyday life (e.g. lack of strength – struggle carrying shopping bags, school bag etc).

12. Skill Related Fitness
These are the aspects of fitness which allow a person to perform skills successfully:
Agility
Balance
Co-ordination
Reaction time
Power

13. Task
For 2 of the sports that you think you may have in your final assessments think of 3 components of skill related fitness that are important, providing examples to support.

14. Starter questions…
Discuss with the person next to you: which four components of fitness are the most important in your sport (from your homework).
Name a sport that requires a completely different type of fitness to the four needed in the sport you discussed in Q1.
Why is it that a person can be fit for one sport and not for another? Consider examples of this.
How can you get ‘fitter’ for your own sport?

15. Components of Fitness
E/D – you will understand what is meant by ‘components of fitness’ and be able to explain why there are skill related and health related components.
C/B – you should be able to link the components of fitness to various sports to explain why an individual could be fit for one sport and not another.
A/A* - could consider how to improve the many components of fitness.
Homework – complete the SKILL RELATED COMPONENTS and the FITNESS TESTING worksheets using the VLE class page and/or your text books.

16. Health Related Components of Fitness
By the end of this section you should be able to:
describe and explain how the different health related components of fitness, (cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, speed, strength, power and flexibility) relate to good health and affect performance in a variety of activities, and how the importance of each differs between activities.

17. Cardiovascular Endurance
Cardiovascular endurance depends on “The efficiency of the heart and circulatory system to meet the demands of the body for a sustained period of activity”
(Also known as STAMINA or AEROBIC CAPACITY)
Cardio – heart
Vascular – system of vessels
Endurance – the ability to keep going for long periods.
Improved by regular endurance training
Increases the size of the heart (hypertrophy), therefore with each beat more blood is pumped around the body
Examples within sport…

18. Muscular Endurance
“The measure of the capacity of the muscles to perform repeated contractions, or near maximum level for an extended period of time without becoming fatigued”
How long your muscles can work for at nearly maximum levels
Most swimming events rely on localised muscular endurance
Once the oxygen supply fails to keep up with demand, muscles work anaerobically and lactic acid accumulates

19. Speed
“Speed is the time taken to move all or parts of the body through a specified distance”
How fast we can run the 100m is the example we all think of, but a golf swing is requires fast arm and torso speed
Most believe speed is an innate ability, something we are born with
Speed can be improved through moving more efficiently. Rotational speed in discus throwing, for example

20. Strength
“The maximum force that can be developed within a muscle or group of muscles during a single maximal contraction”
This is often an all-out effort
A judo player will use strength repeatedly against an opponent
Improved through regular training and exercise, especially by using weights that push the muscle to use maximum force
There are 3 different types of strength,
each being suited to a different activity:
DYNAMIC STRENGTH – muscle length alters many times during the activity
EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH – one ‘all out’ effort from the muscle group
STATIC STRENGTH – muscle length stays the same

21. Changes quickly and repeatedly
Strength
STATIC
EXPLOSIVE
DYNAMIC
Activity
Example ?
Body
State
Stays the same
Moves fast
Distance
Moved
Little or none
Little
Can be considerable
Time
Taken
Varies but not long
Small amount
Muscle
Changes quickly
Changes quickly and repeatedly

22. Changes quickly and repeatedly
Strength
STATIC
EXPLOSIVE
DYNAMIC
Activity
Example
Tug of War
Rugby Scrum
Shot putt
High Jump
Rowing
100m sprint
Body
State
Stays the same
Moves fast
Distance
Moved
Little or none
Little
Can be considerable
Time
Taken
Varies but not long
Small amount
Muscle
Changes quickly
Changes quickly and repeatedly

23. Flexibility
“The greatest range of movement possible at a given joint” (Also known as suppleness and mobility)
Depends on the elasticity of ligaments and tendons and the strength of muscle groups
Flexibility depends of the type of joint
Good flexibility guards against tendon, ligament and muscle damage
Developed through stretching
What specific areas need to be flexible to prevent injuries and enhance performance in your sport?

24. Skill Related Components of Fitness
By the end of this section you should be able to:
describe and explain how the different skill related fitness components (agility, balance, coordination, speed of reaction, timing) relate to good health and affect performance in a variety of games activities, and how the importance of each differs between games activities.

25. Skill Related Components of Fitness
These are types of fitness that affect our ability to perform particular skills.
Weight lifting relies on one component of fitness – strength. But a gymnastics routine or football dribble relies on various fitness factors that produce ‘quality’ and ‘skilful’ movements

26. Agility
“The performers ability to move in a controlled way and to change direction, turn, stop and start quickly”
Expressions such as ‘quick footed’ or ‘nimble’ are used to mean very much the same as ‘agile’
Concerned with freedom in whole body movement.
Examples within sport…

27. Balance
“The ability to control and adjust body position so as to remain in a stable position”
Keeping the centre of mass (bulk of our body weight) over our base of support
We do this naturally in everyday situations without realising, just as a badminton player quickly adjusts her feet after lunging to return the shuttlecock.
Examples in sport…

28. Co-ordination
“The ability of various parts of the body combining to produce a desired movement or sequence of movements”
This is necessary in all sporting skills
Essential in maintaining balance and controlling movement (striking a ball, dodging an opponent, throwing, etc)
In the skills listed above, each movement must occur in order and at a specific time, if the skill is to be performed successfully.

29. Speed of reaction has two closely related processes:
Reaction Time
The time taken between the initial stimulus (the gun!) and the initiation of response (moving out of the blocks)
Movement Time
Time taken from the initiation of response (moving out of the blocks) to the completion of the movement (sprinting 5m)
Other sporting examples?
Response Time = Reaction Time + Movement Time

30. Timing
“Timing is simply about performing a skill at the right time or in the right way so that it is effective”
The timing of a pass in rugby, a stroke in cricket or a smash in badminton
Which sports do not require timing?
Influenced by internal mechanisms (spotting a landing from a somersault)

31. Improving Skill Related Components of Fitness
Different activities might require more of a particular skill related component than others. Therefore, we need to identify the components that most affect performance in our chosen sport
Because skill related components are mostly concerned with the control of the nervous system, they are more difficult to improve than the more physical components (strength, speed, etc)
The brain sends signals to the muscles through the nerves to contract. How fast the brain can perform this task is important, but is not something that can be directly improved by training
However…

32. …the amazing thing about the brain is that it learns.
Continued…
…the amazing thing about the brain is that it learns.
The more you practise skills and take part in your activities, the better your brain becomes at anticipating what you will need to do next
Improving the physical components of fitness, such as strength, flexibility and speed lays the foundation for improving skill related fitness components through practise and training.