1. The RESPIRATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems

2. Functions of the Respiratory System
Warm, moisten, and filter incoming air
Resonating chambers for speech and sound production
Carbon dioxide(CO2) and Oxygen(O2) gas exchange

3. Structures of the Respiratory System

4. Nose 1. Bony framework, cartilage, skin, and mucous membrane lining
2. Nostrils provide openings
3. Septum separates into right and left sides
4. Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air, smell (Olfactory Nerve), and provides resonating chambers for speech and sound production

5. Nasal Cavity
Large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face
Functions
a. Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified
b. Holds nerve endings that provide the sense of smell (Olfactory Nerve)

6. Pharynx 1. Funnel-shaped tube
2. Walls composed of skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membranes
3. Three sections: nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
4.a Passageway for air and food
4.b Resonating chamber for speech sounds and assists in the formation of words

7. Epiglottis 1. Large, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage.
2. Covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
Opening through the larynx for the passage of air

8. Larynx (voice box) 1. Contains vocal cords
Short passageway connecting the pharynx and the trachea
2. Contains the epiglottis

9. Trachea (windpipe) 1. Passageway for air
2. Located anterior to the esophagus
3. Extends from the larynx to the bronchi
4. Supported by cartilage rings to prevent collapse

10. Bronchi
1. Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs
2. The right primary bronchus is more vertical, wider, and shorter than the left
3. Inhaled objects are more likely to lodge in the right bronchus
4. Passageway for air

11. Bronchioles
1. Bronchi continue to divide to form smaller tubes called bronchioles
2. Passageway for air

12. Alveoli
1. Small air sacs which are one-cell thick and surrounded by many blood capillaries
2. Site of gas exchange between air and blood

13. Lungs
Organs where atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide exchange take place

14. Tracing Air Flow Nose – nasal cavity Pharynx (3) – back of throat
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
Epiglottis - flap
Larynx – voice box
Trachea
Bronchi – right and left branches to lungs
Bronchioles
Alveoli – air sacs
Alveoli-capillary membrane – exchange oxygen and CO2
Blood

15. Diseases and Disorders
Respiratory System

16. Coryza (Common Cold) Caused by one of many viruses
Signs and symptoms include fatigue, sneezing, coughing, congestion, body aches and pains, and nasal secretions
Can be treated by medication to reduce discomfort of signs and symptoms. Sleep, fluids, and OTC medication to treat symptoms.

17. Pneumonia Inflammatory illness of the lung
Lung inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling
Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs
Symptoms include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing
Usually treated by antibiotics

18. Lung Cancer

19. Lung Cancer Disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung
Growth may lead to invasion of adjacent tissues and infiltration beyond the lungs
Most common symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing, and weight loss
Common cause is long term exposure to tobacco smoke
Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation

20. Asthma Reversible obstructive airway disease
Characterized by periods of coughing, difficulty breathing, or wheezing
Caused by spasms of the smooth muscle that line the wall of the smaller bronchi and bronchioles
Treated by antibiotics or the use of an inhaler

21. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi
Caused by genetics, air pollution, carbon monoxide, respiratory infection, and deficient antibody levels
Treated by antibiotics

22. Tuberculosis
Infectious, communicable disease that destroys the lung tissue and pleura
Inhaled respiratory droplets spread disease
Treated by medications

23. Influenza Contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses
Usually comes on suddenly and may include fever, headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

24. Emphysema
Emphysema is a progressive lung disease that results in shortness of breath and reduces the capacity for physical activity.
Damage to the small air sacs and small airways in your lungs. This damage obstructs airflow when you exhale. When emphysema is advanced, one must work so hard to expel air from their lungs that just the simple act of breathing can consume a great deal of energy.
Smoking is the major cause, but with ever increasing air pollution and other environmental factors that negatively affect pulmonary patients, those numbers are on the rise
Emphysema and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are related lung conditions that are caused by many years of cigarette smoking (‘smoker’s lung’).
An estimated 3.1 million Americans have been diagnosed with emphysema; 11.2 million U.S. adults were estimated to have COPD.

25. Emphysema Emphysema treatments, which focus on relieving symptoms and
preventing complications, include:
Bronchodilators. These drugs can help relieve coughing, shortness of breath and trouble breathing by opening constricted airways, but they're not as effective in treating emphysema as they are in treating asthma.
Inhaled steroids. Corticosteroid drugs inhaled as aerosol sprays may relieve symptoms of emphysema associated with asthma and bronchitis.
Supplemental oxygen. If you have severe emphysema with low blood oxygen levels, using oxygen at home may provide some relief.
Surgery and lung transplant is a last resort option.

26. Careers Pulmonologist Respiratory Therapist
Certified Respiratory Technician

27. Pulmonologist
In medicine, pulmonology is the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract Pulmonology is generally considered a branch of internal medicine, although it is closely related to intensive care medicine when dealing with patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Education – Medical Degree plus 2 years fellowship training in pulmonology. Most also complete 3 years subspecialty training in pulmonary medicine and critical care. (11-14 years of school)
Salary – Averages over $100,000/yr

28. Respiratory Therapist
Practicing under the care of a physician they evaluate, treat and care for patients with breathing or other cardiopulmonary disorders.
Education: Bachelors Degree (4 years)
Salary: $50,000/yr

29. Certified Respiratory Technician
Follow specific, well-defined respiratory care procedures under the direction of respiratory therapists and physicians.
Education: Training program, usually less than 6 months
Salary - $25,000/yr