1. The Parts of Speech
English 1

2. There Are 8 Parts of Speech
1. Nouns 2. Pronouns 3. Adjectives 4. Verbs 5. Adverbs 6. Prepositions 7. Conjunctions 8. Interjections

3. Nouns Definition: Person, Place, Thing, or Idea
Ex. boy, mall, toothpick, peace, strength
Recognition Tools:
-”the” in front of common nouns except ideas
-you can take a picture of them

4. Nouns
Common Nouns: name any one person, place, thing, or idea and is generally not capitalized.
Ex. woman, school, flag, happiness
Proper Nouns: name a specific person, place, thing, or idea and generally is capitalized.
Ex. Sally, Granite City High School, St. Louis Arch, September

5. Nouns
Compound Nouns: made up of two or more words used together as a single noun. (They may be written as one word, separate words, or as hyphenated words.)
Ex. firefighter, fire drill, brother-in-law
Collective Nouns: words that name a group of a people, animals, or things.
Ex. audience, flock, assortment

6. Pronouns Definition: Stands in place of a noun. Recognition Tools:
-related to nouns
-the word they refer to is the antecedent
-memorize them!

7. Personal Pronoun Chart
Pronouns
Personal Pronoun Chart
Singular
Plural
1st person
I, me, my, mine
we, us, our, ours
2nd person
you, your, yours
3rd person
he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its
they, them, theirs

8. Reflexive Pronoun Chart
Pronouns
Reflexive Pronoun Chart
Singular- self
Plural- selves
1st person
myself
ourselves
2nd person
yourself
yourselves
3rd person
himself, herself, itself
themselves

9. Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns: used to point out a specific noun when by themselves
-this, that, these, those
-Example: The tacos I made taste better than those.

10. Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns: introduce a question
-who, whom, whose, which, what
Ex. Which of the songs is your favorite?
Relative Pronouns: introduce subordinate clauses (not a complete thought)
-that, which, who, whom, whose
Ex. The ship that you saw is sailing to Greece.

11. Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns: refers to more than one noun all each
most
one
another
either
much
other
any
everyone
neither
several
anybody
everything
nobody
some
anyone
few
none
somebody
anything
many
no one
something
both
more
nothing
such

12. Adjectives Definition: modifies nouns or pronouns Recognition Tools:
Ex. happy, bright, yellow
Recognition Tools:
-Adj. answers: What kind? Which one? How many? How Much

13. Adjectives
Articles -a, an, and the are ALWAYS adjectives

14. Adjectives Nouns as adjectives
-Many words that can stand alone as nouns can also be used as adjectives modifying nouns or pronouns.
Ex. cheese sandwich,
snow sculpture
weather report

15. Verbs Definition: what you do or a state of being Recognition Tools:
Ex. run, think, been (forms of be)
Recognition Tools:
-action of the subject or other noun

16. Verbs
Helping Verbs- “helps” the main verb express an action or a state of being
Helping Verb Chart
Forms of be
am, are, is
been, being, be
was, were
Forms of have
has
have
had
Forms of do do
does
did
Modals
can, could, may
might, must, shall
should, will, would

17. Verbs Action Verbs: physical or mental activity
Ex. build, think
Linking Verbs: connect subject to the complement
Ex. is, are, was
Other Linking Verbs:
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

18. Adverbs Definition: modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
Ex. extremely, completely, slightly
Recognition Tools:
-Adverbs answer: How? When? Where? To what extent? How often? How much? How long?
-by ending “-ly”

19. Prepositions Definition: show relation between a noun and the object
Ex. of, in, under
Recognition Tools:
-prepositional phrases preps the object

20. Prepositions Common Prepositions about before concerning like since up
above
behind
down
near
through
upon
across
below
during of
throughout
with
after
beneath
except
off to
within
against
beside
for
one
toward
without
Among
between
from
out
under
along
beyond in
outside
underneath
around
but (except)
inside
over
until at by
into
past
unto

21. Prepositions
Don’t forget that prepositions can be compound as well. Ex. according to, because of, next to

22. Conjunctions
Definition: joins words, phrases, or clauses, and they indicate the relation between the elements joined.
Ex. but, yet, so
Recognition Tools:
junction
-MEMORIZE

23. Conjunctions Coordinating Conjunctions Correlative Conjunctions
FANBOYS
-for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Correlative Conjunctions
-They come in pairs
-both…and
-neither…nor
-either…or

24. Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions-
-Introduces a subordinating clause (a phrase that cannot stand alone as a sentence.)
-AAAWWUBBIS
(as, after, although, while, when, until, because, before, if, since)

25. Subordinating Conjunctions
after
because
since
when
although
before
so that
whenever as
even though
than
where
as if if
though
wherever
as long as
in order that
unless
whether
as soon as
once
until
while

26. Interjections
Definition: express emotion and have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence
Ex. ah, oops, hey, yippee
Recognition Tools:
-sometimes have exclamation or
a comma following them