1. The New Revolution in Fire Suppression Technology International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City NJ. 29 Aug 2000

2. 1Evolution of Pyrogen 2Technical Characteristics 3Performance and Benefits 4Typical Applications & Installations 5Comparison with Other Gases Contents Introduction

3. What is Pyrogen? Evolution Pyrotechnically Generated Aerosol Fire Extinguishing System

4. From Rocket Fuel to Revolutionary Fire Extinguisher Highly effective fire suppression system ~ Advanced product of Russian space technology Conversion of military research into civil applications Evolution:

5. : Evolution: The Secret to Pyrogen’s Power Unique formulation of –solid aerosol generating composition ~ derivative of solid rocket fuel –solid chemical coolant ~ ensures flameless operation & rapid expulsion Produces gas-like fire fighting aerosol with 3 dimensional distribution when ignited

6. : Technical Characteristics: Four Main Elements Directional Plate Chemical Coolant Solid Block of Aerosol Generating Composition Electric Ignition Device

7. Technical Characteristics: Multiple Activation for Ignition Electrical –Automatic via detection system or, –Manual via manual release point Thermal –Automatic via temperature sensitive pyrotechnic cord 175 C (347 F)

8. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Aerosol Generation Ignition of aerosol-forming composition = solid potassium carbonates + carbon dioxide gas + nitrogen gas + water vapor KNO 3(s) + C n H m N p O q(s) + C (s) = KHCO 3(s) + K 2 CO 3(s) + CO 2(g) + N 2(g) + H 2 O (g) Technical Characteristics:

9. Chemical Coolant Polymer composition highly impregnated with endothermic ingredients –Substances that decomposes at 200-300°C (392- 572F) without melting, generating gases and absorbing approximately 400 calories of heat per one kilogram of their mass. –Cooling is effected at a fantastic rate of 400° per second Technical Characteristics:

10. BENEFITS: Micron Size Aerosol Particles Large surface area for extinguishing actions Small amount required for reliable extinguishing Gas-like 3 dimensional distribution Long suspension times

11. Electrical Signal from Control Panel (Manual / Automatic) Fire Conducting Cord Heated >175°C Naked Flame via Fire Conducting Cord 3 Potential Methods of Actuation How It Works:

12. Aerosol Generated Chemical coolant decomposes absorbing heat Fire fighting aerosol rapidly generated How It Works:

13. Aerosol Generated Chemical coolant decomposes absorbing heat Fire fighting aerosol rapidly generated How It Works:

14. Aerosol Discharged Total flooding aerosol demonstrates 3D gas-like properties. Holding times up to 60 minutes. Decomposed chemical coolant How It Works:

15. BENEFITS: Basics: The Three Elements of Fire Fuel Heat O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 Oxygen Heat Fuel

16. BENEFITS: Basics: The Fourth Element of Fire Fuel Heat O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 OHOH Oxygen Heat Fuel Chain Carriers O, H & OH

17. : How It Works: Extinguishing Actions Dual Extinguishing Actions – Primary: Chemical- Removal of chain carriers – Secondary: Physical- Heat absorption

18. BENEFITS: Dual Extinguishing Actions Chemical - removal of chain carriers OH, H and O –in gaseous phase: K + OH = KOH K + O = KO KOH + H = K + H 2 O –on particles surface: O + H = OH H + OH = H 2 O Physical - heat absorption KHCO 3 = K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O K 2 CO 3 (s) = K 2 CO 3 (g) How It Works:

19. BENEFITS: Extinguishing Actions Two Chemical Mechanisms –Removal of flame propagation radicals - chain carriers OH, H and O in the flame chain K + OH = KOH KOH + H = K + H 2 O –Recombination of flame propagation radicals - chain carriers OH, H and O aerosol on particles surface: O + H = OH H + OH = H 2 O

20. BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions Physical - Lowering the fire temperature to a level below which the fire reaction cannot continue thermal cooling –Heat absorption via endothermic phase changes K 2 CO 3(s) = K 2 CO 3(l) = K 2 CO 3(g) –Heat absorption via endothermic decomposition changes 2KHCO 3(s) = K 2 CO 3(S) + CO 2(G) + H 2 O (g)

21. BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions Physical - Lowering the fire temperature to a level below which the fire reaction cannot continue thermal cooling –Dilution of the fire combustion zone by the aerosol cloud (additional fuel molecules cannot participate in the combustion process) –Physical hindrance to flame propagation (aerosol particles slow down velocity of a flame front propagation)

22. BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 OHOH Fuel Heat K K K O K H O K K H

23. BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 OHOH Fuel Heat Oxygen Heat Fuel Chain Carriers O, H & OH

24. BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 OHOH Fuel Heat K K K Pyrogen

25. BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 Fuel O K H O K K H Flame Chain Broken Oxygen Fuel

26. Chain Carriers O, H & OH Remove from the Flame Chain BENEFITS: How It Works: Extinguishing Actions O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 Fuel Flame Chain Broken Oxygen Fuel

27. CO2 Chemical Physical Halon 1301 Inergen Fire Sprinkler FM 200 Pyrogen Method of Fire Extinguishing Benefits: Primary Method of Fire Extinguishment

28. No Effect On The Environment! No effect on the ozone layer as Pyrogen does not contain Chlorine,Fluorine,Iodine,or Bromine in its molecular structure Benefits:

29. No Pressurised Cylinders or Pipe Work Self Contained Zero Pressure Light & Safe to Handle & Transport Benefits: x

30. Test conducted by Department of Mineral Resources, NSW Australia Hygiene Institute, Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Benefits: Low Toxicity and does not displace the Oxygen

31. Benefits: Compact & Weight Saving Guaranteed to save you space !

32. $ Significant Cost Savings No Piping or Pressure Cylinders Required Minimal Maintenance –No leakage –No recharge Simple Installation Benefits:

33. BENEFITS: Recognized by International Authorities Listed by US EPA under SNAP program Adopted by Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand Approved by Waterways Authority Australia for use on commercial vessels Approved by Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)United Kingdom

34. Test Certifications Scientific Services Laboratories (Australia) –Pyrogen Fire Extinguishing Design Factor Test –Compliance of 30 days Elevated Temperature Test and Salt Spray Corrosion Test in accordance to UL 1058 Benefits:

35. Test Certifications Sydney Electricity –Conductivity Test at 75,000 volts Waterways Authority –Certification and Acceptance Work Cover Authority –Performance Test UL 1058 Benefits:

36. Pyrogen: One of the World’s Leading Fire Suppression System 3 Times More Efficient than Halon 1301 No Effect on the Environment No Pressurised Cylinders or Pipe Work Compact & Light Weight Easy Maintenance Simple to Install & Re-Commission Significant Cost Savings

37. Wide Range of Sizes Pyrogen:

38. Models Available MAG-1 400 60 0.6 (21.19 mono 80 75 < 3 MAG-2 500 100 1 (35.3) mono 95 75 < 5 MAG-3* 700 200 2 (70.6) mono 145 75 < 7 MAG-4 4,500 1,000 10 (353.1) bi 350 95 < 10 MAG-5* 1,830 500 5 (176.5) mono 190 95 < 8 MAG-02 110 20 0.2 (7.0) bi 120 25 < 2 Parameter Mass of Generator g Mass of Aerosol Forming Composition g Max Protected Volume m 3 @ 100 g/m 3 ( Ft 3 ) Nozzle Outlet Length mm Diameter mm Discharge Time sec * MAG 3 and MAG 5 are available in “grenade” format for manual fire fighting Pyrogen:

39. Models Available MAG-12 14,500 2,200 17 (600) mono 247 < 12 MAG-13 21,000 3,500 27 (923) mono 235 306 < 15 MAG-14 28,000 6,000 46 (1624) mono 260 402 < 15 MAG-15 38,000 6,500 50 (1765) mono 175 492 < 15 MAG-16 46,000 8,400 65 (2295) mono 227 492 < 15 MAG-11 12,000 1,500 12 (423) mono 180 247 < 12 MAG-17 53,000 11,000 85 (3000) mono 285 492 < 15 Parameter Mass of Generator g Mass of Aerosol Forming Composition g Max Protected Volume m 3 @ 100 g/m 3 ( Ft 3 ) Nozzle Outlet Length mm Diameter mm Discharge Time sec Pyrogen:

40. MAG 5/2G Nozzle Pull Ring MAG 3/G Nozzle Pull Ring MAG 5/1G Nozzle Pull Ring Manual Fire Fighting - Hand Held Grenade Inaccessible Fire Remote Fire Pyrogen:

41. Product Specifications Material of Construction : All parts made of corrosion resistant material Non metallic component are UV stabilized. Temperature :Operates with +50 to -50 °C Humidity :Operates up to 96% RH Installed Life :Recommended 10 Years Storage :Keep away from heaters and direct sunlight Pyrogen

42. Available Kits PyroGen Vehicle Systems, Marine, Aviation PyroGen Fire Fighting PyroGen Industrial (Computer Room / Telephone Exchanges) Packaged Systems

43. Designed to Complete PyroGen’s System Supply for Specific Installations Accessories include: –Fire Panels –System Isolate Switches –Directional Nozzles –Manual Release Points –Pyrotechnic Fuses –Support Brackets –Warning Signage Optional Accessories