1. What are the characteristics and objectives of sport? What are sporting ethics? What are Outdoor and Adventurous activities (OAA)? 1.2 Sport, ethics and OAA as recreation

2. Sport Characteristics Benefits For individuals Improved health and fitness Increased self-esteem and self- confidence Opportunities for socialising S Serious/competitive- Win at all costs attitude How? P Prowess- High skill levels (professionals) Who? O Organised- Rules and regulations How? R Rewards- Extrinsic for winning and feel good factor Why? T Time and space restrictions apply When/Where? For Society Reduced stress on NHS Integration of socio-economic and ethnic groups National Pride (Success- Rugby after 2003 RWC) Employment opportunities

3. Sporting ethics GamesmanshipSportsmanship Playing on despite injury to an opponentKicking the ball out if an opponent is injured ‘Sledging’- Using verbal insults to put opponent off and affect performance levels Verbally congratulating an opponent after success Appealing for the decision despite knowing it should go to the other team Admitting that the decision should have gone against you despite being awarded it -+ GamesmanshipSportsmanship Gamesmanship is evident in modern day professional sports (such as football and rugby) and has filtered down to amateur and school sport who copy the negative behaviour of their role models The gamesmanship-sportsmanship continuum

4. Outdoor and adventurous activities (OAA) as recreation Key distinguishing feature off OAA as recreation is that it takes place in the natural environment. Function of OAA as recreation Improve health and fitness Stress release Personal challenge- self esteem Appreciation of natural environment Social skills and team work Cognitive skills and decision making Survival skills Reasons for increased participation More free time and disposable income Positive portrayal in media- ‘Cool image’ Increased desire for excitement- adrenaline rush Non-competitive- good alternative to traditional sports