1. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
UNIT 3 AREA OF STUDY 2: CREATING A NEW SOCIETY REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS AND THE FOMARTION OF POLITICAL CLUBS

2. Understand why political clubs formed
Learning outcome: Identify who formed the revolutionary crowd and understand the formation of political groups
Understand the characteristics of people who participated in revolutionary behaviour
Understand why political clubs formed
Identify when the Cordeliers and the Jacobins formed, and understand how they sought to represent the revolutionary crowd
Identify prominent figures in the Cordeliers and Jacobin clubs

3. Who was in the revolutionary crowd?
Consider the two journeés we have explored. List which members of the third estate were responsible for them.

4. The Revolutionary crowd Rudé’s srgument
COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH…
According to Rudé, the revolutionary crowd was made up of…
Working class and lower (petite) bourgeois
Many were employed and ‘socially respectable’
Not necessarily poor
Artisans (Skilled craftsmen)
Minor government officials and some journalists
Master Artisans (Running workshops)
Unskilled labourers and working women
Small shop-keepers and traders
Not necessarily poor

5. The Revolutionary Crowd: A culture of revolution?
Working people knew how to protest: history of food problems
1780s: Urban working people participated more in politics:
Revelion Riots
Supported parlements in their conflict with Louis XVI over tax reform
Book of Grievances
By 1791, the working people came to understand that bourgeois deputies did not always understand their material working problems
From this time the popular movement both defended the Revolution and challenged it by demanding better economic conditions

6. The Role of the Political Club
After 1789 the revolutionary movement worked mainly through political clubs
From 1790 onward, ordinary citizens felt they could participate in political issues through political clubs
The two most famous of these clubs were:
THE CORDELIERS
THE JACOBINS
THE CORDELIERS
THE JACOBINS

7. THE CORDELIERS Danton Desmoulins Hébert Brissot Marat
Founded in January 1790, from the Cordeliers district in Paris
Charged a low subscription fee, held meeting in a Convent
Radical group
Objected to distinction between active and passive citizens
Supported the Sans-Cullote, and had great support
Admitted women
Led by bourgeois lawyers Danton, Desmoulins and journalists Hébert, Brissot and Marat
A DESCRIPTION OF A CORDELIERS MEETING:
"About three hundred persons of both sexes filled the place; their dress was so unkempt and so filthy that one would have taken them for a gathering of beggars. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was stuck on the wall, crowned by crossed daggers. Plaster busts of Brutus and William Tell were placed on each side, as if expressly to guard the Declaration. Facing, behind the tribune, as supporters, there appeared busts of Mirabeau … with Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the middle.’

8. THE JACOBINS Formed in Paris in 1789
Had provincial branches (so sub groups met in other French towns and cities)
Met in a Jacobin Dominican Convent, and so got their name
Began as a moderate bourgeois movement supporting constitutional monarchy
Became a radical republican movement, instituting the reign of terror
Early prominent members included Maximillein Robespeirre, Abbé Sieyès, Mirabeau, Abbé Grégoire
Ended in 1794

9. Why did political clubs form?
Learning outcome: Identify who formed the revolutionary crowd and understand the formation of political groups
What were the characteristics of the people who participated in revolutionary behaviour?
Why did political clubs form?
When did the Cordeliers and the Jacobins form?
How did they seek to represent the revolutionary crowd?
Who were the prominent figures in the Cordeliers and Jacobin clubs?