1. French Revolution and Napoleon

2. French Revolution  Society Divided  First Estate Clergy  Owned 10% of land  Ran schools, hospitals and orphanages  Did not pay taxes

3. French Revolution  Second Estate Nobles  Top jobs in government, army, courts and church  Received little financial income  Did not pay taxes

4. French Revolution  Third Estate Rest of France  Very diverse Bourgeoisie- middle class  Prosperous Majority were rural peasants  Landowners and farmers

5. French Revolution  Third Estate (cont) Urban workers  Poorest members Some members of the third estate had more money and power than 1 st or 2 nd, however, could not get ahead because of their social status

6.  Economic troubles France was using deficit spending  Spend more money than it makes Rulers were not equipped to handle the situation Jacques Necker  Hired by Louis XVI as a financial planner  Suggested to reduce extravagant spending, reform government, and abolish tariffs on trade  Also suggested taxing the first and second estate Clergy and nobles did not like this idea  Made the king dismiss him

7. French Revolution  Estates-General called Legislative body consisting of representatives from all three estates Had not been called for 175 years Each class gets one vote on issues 1 st and 2 nd estate always won the vote over the 3 rd Third estate wanted reform

8. French Revolution  Estates-General, not getting anywhere  Third Estate claimed to represent the people of France and formed the National Assembly  After a week of meeting, their meeting place was locked, so they met on a tennis court Tennis Court Oath

9. French Revolution  Reform minded clergy and nobles joined the National Assembly as well  Rumors spread that King Louis XVI sent troops to Paris to dissolve the Assembly  As the Assembly met, Parisians roamed the streets worrying about royal troops

10. French Revolution  Met at the Bastille (prison for political prisoners) and demanded weapons  Guards at the Bastille opened fire on the crowd and a riot ensued  The people overtook the Bastille  This became recognized as the French Independence day, Bastille day

11. French Revolution  Many peasant uprisings Fear of government  National Assembly acts Writes Declaration of the Rights of Man (p. 584) Creates New Constitution  Legislative Assembly formed

12. French Revolution Radicals take over Legislative Assembly  Declare war on other European countries  Support radical uprisings in cities  Executed the King and Marie Antoinette Formed National Convention

13. French Revolution National Convention creates committee of Public Safety  Held absolute power  Led by Robespierre  Reign of Terror Used guillotine to punish prisoners 300,000 arrested, 17,000 executed

14. French Revolution Robespierre was out of control National Convention turned on Committee of Public Safety and executed Robespierre

15. French Revolution  Without a strong leader in place, officials turned to Napoleon to lead their country At first, he was only there to push through the goals of the politicians Later he would become the Ruler of France

16. Napoleon  Napoleon rose quickly in the Army  Had many victories Led expedition into Egypt  Disaster Hid losses through spies and censoring  Became political leader and overthrew weak government

18. Napoleon  Napoleon reforms France Plebiscite- popular vote (not really) Napoleonic Code  New laws that supported enlightenment principles Used large army and friends to control most of Europe

19. Napoleon  Nationalism hurts Napoleon’s rule Leads to war with other European countries  France and Russia go to war Napoleon led 600,000 soldiers and 50,000 horses in invasion of Russia Russians fled East and burned the ground as they went

20. Napoleon Burning left no food or supplies for French army as the Russian winter came Cold weather killed most of the soldiers  20,000 survived  Napoleon steps down from power Exiled to Elba

21. Napoleon  New ruler did not do a good job  Led to support of Napoleon Napoleon returns  Tried to battle with European alliance at Waterloo Napoleon defeated in one day  Exiled to St. Helena