1. Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

2. Groups of Movements Gliding Angular Rotation Special Movements

3. Gliding A simple movement in which relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and side-to-side relative to one another. Limited in range by the articular capsule and ligaments of the joint Occurs in Planar Jonits (carpals, tarsals, sternoclavicular)

4. Angular Movements There is an increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones Flexion, Extensions, Abduction, Adduction

5. Flexion/Extension Flexion - A decrease in the angle between articulating bones Extension – An increase in the angle between articulating bones Found in hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle and ball-and-socket joints HYPEREXTENSION – extension beyond anatomical position

7. Abduction/Adduction Abduction – movement away from the midline of the body Adduction – movement toward the midline of the body Found at condyloid, saddle and ball and socket joints

9. Circumduction Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle Found at ball-and-socket joints

10. Rotation A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis Found at pivot and ball and socket joints

11. Special Movements Occur only at certain joints Include elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflection, plantar flexion, supination and pronation

12. Elevation - upward movement of a body part (closing your mouth) Depression – downward movement of a body part (opening your mouth) Protraction – movement of a body part forward (mandible or clavicles) Retraction – returning a protracted part to anatomical position

13. Inversion – movement of the soles medially so they face each other Eversion – movement of the soles laterally so they are away from eachother Dorsiflexion – Bending the feet upward (like standing on your heals) Plantar Flexion – Bending the feet down (like standing on your toes)

14. Supination – turning the palm upward Pronation – turning the palm downward