1. Norway
Mosjøen

2. Historical facts:
1350: the Black plague, "Svartedauen" sweeps Denmark and Scandinavia killing one third of the inhabitants
Union of Kalmar unites Denmark, Sweden and Norway under a single monarch. Denmark is the dominant power
1536 Danish becomes the written language of Norway
1814 The Norwegian constitution was written
1814 The peace treaty of Kiel and Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden
1905 The union with Sweden disintegrates and Norway becomes an independent kingdom
1905 The Danish prince Karl becomes King Haakon VII of Norway
World War I and Norway remains neutral
1940 9th of April Germany occupies Norway
1945 8th of May Germany surrenders to the Allies and the Nazi-occupation ends in Norway
1945- today: Indipendence - Social Democracy and the OIL
The Welfare State

3. The founding of Norway
King Harald Fairhair is the king who is credited by later tradition as having unified Norway into one kingdom. According to the sagas, he ruled Norway from approximately 872 to 930.
The Norwegian constitution
The Norwegian constitution was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence in and the French revolution in 1789 and the subsequent U.S. and French constitutions.

4. War and Occupation ( )
When the Germans invaded in 1940 they demanded an end to all opposition, and acceptance of a german occupation. These demands were refused by the King and the government.
The fighting in southern Norway lasted three weeks, but the struggle continued in the Narvik area until the 7th of June.
Then the government and the royal family crossed to London to carry on the war.

5. In Norway the Germans set about reorganising the country along Nazi lines with the help of Vidkun Quisling and NS.
But this was thwarted by the people in the worlds of sport, the Church, education and various trades and professions who combined into a bro adly-based resistance movement.
Towards the end of the war the resistance leadership cooperated closely with the government in exile in London to form a clandestine army, Milorg.
In May 1945 the Germans laid down their arms, and on 7 June the King and the government returned to a liberated Norway.

6. Teachers’ resistance during the war
Invation of Norway April 1940
Norway was an important piece in international politics
Massive resistance
Teachers were not persuaded or defeated

7. Some facts
During Autumn -40 and Spring of -41, there was made attempt from the enemy to break teacher’s resistance
Norway had teachers and of them protested openly.
Severe consequences.
Some were summoned to labour duty at German military plants
March teachers were arrested and they got a harsh treatment both physically and mentally
The NS threatened teachers with dismissal. This would mean that schools would be close.

8. Why control teachers?
1 The teachers’ organisation had for many years been voluntary and nationwide.
By ”conquering” the organisation they would reach out to a large area.
Important for the nazis to spread their ideology and get it implemented by the Norwegian population. This ment that schools taught after the basic ideas of this ideology – far away from our own.

9. Norwegian school history
When?
For whom?
What/purpose?

10. DA KLOKKA KLANG
Tekst: Margrethe Munthe
Da klokken klang, så fort vi sprang, og ingen sto igjen og hang, men glad og lett og rank og rett vi var på plass med ett. Vi sto som perler på en snor, og ingen av oss sa et ord, og ingen lo, men stille sto vi sammen, to og to.

11. When? Norway is a part of Denmark
Christian VI rules and he was a pietist
He wants everyone to learn about the words of God - in 1736 confirmation for everyone.
To get a job or get married you had to be confirmated
A result of this -children could attend school from the age of 7 in1739
The upper class already had private tutors/schools or went to latin schools.

12. A good intention? The pesents-resistance Lost labour Had to pay
Period with diseases
Learning at home
Learning in church
Periodical schooling was the solution
One of the 1st countries that got a public schools
Goal:
one school for everyone independent of
their status and wealth

13. Examle of a periodical school
3 months a year

14. Purpose Learning about christianity CHANGES 1800 – new society
1827 – school buildings not on farms anymore
1860 – fewer schools on farms, encyclopedic
reading books, the bond between schools
and the church becomes weaker

15. 1889 New law Demands to the schools and to teaching material
Longer hours
History, science and geography becomes compulsory, books are made for each subject
Teachers got a higher status
1915: Free teaching material

16. 1950-1960 CHANGE Demands to how the buildings should be
Better education
1969 – everyone has the rigth to 9 years at school

17. Nowadays New governments – new school reforms
10 years of compulsory school
We discuss a school for everyone or for the elite? What about room for private schools?
Norwegian students enjoy school say surveys, the social part of it, but do they learn proportionally with their feeling of comfort?

18. Sources http://www.aktivioslo.no/barnesmunthe.php#klokka