1. Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior) By Jenny Huh, Sam Sender, and Sahani DeSilva Period 2 H.A.P.

2. Endocrine System Overview Influences almost every cell, organ, & function of bodies Regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function & reproductive processes Composed of distinct glands that produce hormones 2 specific types of glands: – Exocrine Secretions deposited into body cavity through ducts – Endocrine Secretions sent directly into bloodstream

3. Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior)

4. Location of Pituitary Gland Located middle of base of brain, beneath hypothalamus Anterior  forward region Posterior  rear region

5. Role & Function “Master Endocrine gland”  hormones control most of the other endocrine glands Linked to overall coordination of body’s organ system Location serves as important communication center – Synchronizing brain w/ endocrine system Anterior: – Controlled by releasing hormones Produced by nerve cells of hypothalamus Secreted in capillaries that travel to anterior pituitary Posterior: – Controlled by nerve cells Carry info from brain to posterior http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gci d=000099&ptid=17

6. Hormones Associated with Gland Prolactin ACTH  Adrenocorticotropic hormone Growth Hormone

7. Prolactin Stimulates breast milk and controls the menstrual cycle (red arrow)

8. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signals adrenal gland to produce cortisol -cortisol  type of glucocorticosteriod responsible for stress-fighting and anti- inflammatory responses (Green arrow)

9. Growth Hormone - Signals liver to produce somatomedin-C - Peptide Hormone - Somatomedin-C  imperative for physical growth during childhood growth (muscular, skeletal)

10. DISEASES

11. Cushing’s Syndrome – Body either produces or is exposed to too much cortisol – Causes Oral corticosteroid medications Overproduction Pituitary gland tumor – Benign – Causes overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) – Symptoms Weight gain (usually around midsection, upper back, face and in between shoulders Pink/purple stretch marks on abdomen, thighs, breasts, and arms Easily bruised skin Slow healing of cuts, infections, and insect bites Acne

12. Cushing’s Syndrome

13. Acromegaly – Bones increase in size due to the production of too much growth hormone – causes pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone tumors – pituitary – nonpituitary » release growth-hormone-releasing-hormone

14. Acromegaly – Symptoms enlarged hands/feet deepened voice (enlargement of sinuses/vocal cords) excessive sweating barrel chest snoring (upper airway obstruction) enlarged organs enlarged facial features increase in oil production

15. Interesting Facts An ancient Egyptian portrait of pharaoh Akhenaten showed a form of acromegaly Galen (150 A.D.) gave the first description of the pituitary gland – Stated that its function was to drain phlegm from the brain to the nasopharnyx.

16. Concept Check 1. Cushing's Syndrome is caused by the overproduction of which hormone? a) growth hormone b) cortisol c) calcitonin d) insulin Answer : B 2. The location of the pituitary gland is: a) above the hypothalamus, middle of base of brain b) below the hypothalamus, middle base of brain c) abdominopelvic region Answer: B

17. Concept Check 3. Prolactin is responsible for: a) growth b) stimulation of breast milk and menstrual cycle c) signaling od adrenal gland to produce cortisol Answer : B 4. What are the main functions of the pituitary gland? Linked to overall coordination of body’s organ system Location serves as important communication center – Synchronizing brain w/ endocrine system – “Master Endocrine gland”  hormones control most of the other endocrine glands

18. Works Cited "Acromegaly." N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2013. ""Girl Disappearing to Some Secret Prison, but She's Right in Front of Me."" : National Cushing's Awareness Day! N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2013.. "Pituitary Gland." Pituitary Gland. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.. Shmaefsky, Brian R. Applied Anatomy & Physiology. St. Paul, MN: Paradign, 2007. Print. "What Is the Endocrine System?" What Is the Endocrine System? N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013.. "What Is the Pituitary Gland?" What Is the Pituitary Gland? N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013..