1. Ratification and The Bill of Rights
CHAPTER 8-3

2. FEDERALISTS & ANTI-FEDERALISTS
Federalists – system of gov’t -shares power between central (federal) gov’t & States
Federalists supported the Constitution
The Federalist Papers – James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay

3. Afraid Constitution take too much power away from States
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
Afraid Constitution take too much power away from States
Afraid strong President might be declared King
Afraid Senate become a powerful ruling class
Afraid to lose liberties they had just fought for and won

4. BATTLE for RATIFICATION
The Proposed Constitution had no guarantee of individual or state rights
Anti-Federalists wanted a written guarantee – freedom of press, of speech, of religion, or right to bear arms
Federalists said rights guaranteed if vote in good leader
FINALLY Federalists agreed to add Bill of Rights if states ratified

5. FINAL RATIFICATION OF CONSTITUTION
December 1787 – Delaware, NJ, Pennsylvania
January 1788 – Georgia, Connecticut
February 1788 – Massachusetts
June 1788 – Maryland, New Hampshire, South Carolina
SINCE 9 of 13 signed – it was Officially Ratified (according to the Articles of Confederation

6. VIRGINIA & NEWYORK
It was necessary to get support from those two states or country split geographically into 2 parts
BITTER DEBATES between Federalists & Anti-Federalists
FINALLY Virginia ratified it by narrow majority ONLY if Constitution amended with BILL OF RIGHTS
Next New York, North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified
EVERY STATE RATIFIED CONSITUTION
(only 9/13 required)

7. National Gov’t created!!
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESS
CONSITUTION STRENGHTS
No power to TAX
No trade regulation
Only State Courts
Enforcement by States
Equality of states in Congress, regardless of population
Unanimous vote to amend
9/13 States pass a Bill
Empowered to TAX
Empowered to regulate trade
National Courts
National Gov’t enforce
Proportional Rep in House; Equality of states in Senate
2/3 vote to amend
Majority pass a Bill

8. BILL of RIGHTS
Ten Ammendments

9. Bill of RIghts Proposed by Madison
Decided to add to end of Constitution
Guarantee Basic individual freedoms
FREEDOM OF RELIGION – First Amendment – a very controversial topic – “Separation of Church & State”

10. AMENDING CONSTITUTION
Bill of Rights is a “Living Document”
One that can be amended to reflect the chaning society
2/3 of Senate or House or State legislature can propose change
¾ of states must approve it
Bill of Rights is first 10 Amendments – 17 more have been added to it since then!