1. 1 CHAPTER CONTENT Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple pastExpressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Spelling of –ing and –ed formsSpelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-3 The principal parts of a verbThe principal parts of a verb 2-4 Common irregular verbs: a reference listCommon irregular verbs: a reference list 2-5 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endingsRegular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings 2-6 Simple past and past progressiveSimple past and past progressive 2-7 Expressing past time: using time clausesExpressing past time: using time clauses 2-8 Expressing past habit: used toExpressing past habit: used to CONTENTS

2. 2 CHAPTER CONTENT CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work.

3. 3 CHAPTER CONTENT CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE

4. 4 CHAPTER CONTENT CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PAST TENSE PRESENT TENSE

5. 5 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST We graduated from college in 2010.

6. 6 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.

7. 7 CHAPTER CONTENT activities or situations SIMPLE PAST began and ended in the past (yesterday, last night, in 2007) 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday. (b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.

8. 8 CHAPTER CONTENT watch 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday. + ed=watched answer + ed=answered

9. 9 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.

10. 10 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. (f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. Irregular past: sleepslept understandunderstood eatate

11. 11 CHAPTER CONTENT Simple past forms of be was and were 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month.

12. 12 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST S TATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week. REGULAR VERBS N EGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start school last week.

13. 13 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST Q UESTION REGULAR VERBS S HORT A NSWER I-you-she-he-it-we-they start school last week? Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they did. Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t. No,

14. 14 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST S TATEMENT BE- VERB N EGATIVE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week. I-She-He-It was not home last week. We-You-They were not home last week.

15. 15 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST Q UESTION BE- VERB S HORT A NSWER I-she-he-it home last week? Was we-you-they home last week? Were I-she-he-it was. we-you-they were. Yes, I-she-he-it- wasn’t. we-you-they weren’t. No,

16. 16 CHAPTER CONTENT They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00. 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00. weren’t were is They were at the movies last night at 8:00. ? ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

17. 17 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE This airplane was made in 1625. This airplane ______ made in 1625. This airplane ___ made in 1943. wasn’t was ? 1943 is ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

18. 18 CHAPTER CONTENT ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE Did Carla get a bad grade on her test? Carla ________ a bad grade on her test. Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test. didn’t get got NEGATIVE STATEMENT: get ?

19. 19 CHAPTER CONTENT We are learning to speak English. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS

20. 20 CHAPTER CONTENT smiled smiling smile hoped hoping 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS -ing form: drop -e, add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -e NO -ed form: add -d hope (a)

21. 21 CHAPTER CONTENT learn learning helping helphelped learned 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two ConsonantsNO add -ed (b) Two consonants

22. 22 CHAPTER CONTENT heat heating heated rained raining rain 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Vowels + One Consonant NO add -ed (c) Two vowels + one consonant

23. 23 CHAPTER CONTENT planning planned stopping plan stoppedstop 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (d) ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS Double the consonant and

24. 24 CHAPTER CONTENT vis it offering offered visiting offer visited 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant NO add -ed (e) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS First syllable stressed

25. 25 CHAPTER CONTENT preferredprefer admitting admitted preferring admit 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (f) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS Second syllable stressed, double the consonant

26. 26 CHAPTER CONTENT playedplay enjoying enjoyed playing enjoy 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO keep the -y (g) vowel + -y -y

27. 27 CHAPTER CONTENT worriedworry studying studied worrying study 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO -y + -ing (h) consonant + -y -y -i + -ed -y

28. 28 CHAPTER CONTENT dieddie tying tied dying tie 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB -y + -ing (i) -ie add -d

29. 29 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 LET’S PRACTICE -ING form ________ rain -ED form ________ raining rained

30. 30 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 LET’S PRACTICE -ING form _________ study -ED form _________ studying studied

31. 31 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-2 LET’S PRACTICE -ING form _____ lie -ED form _____ lying lied Please don’t lie to me!

32. 32 CHAPTER CONTENT They became friends. 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

33. 33 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE FORM Regular VerbsIrregular Verbs finish hope try Simple Form No final –s, –ed, or –ing see sing go

34. 34 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE PAST Regular VerbsIrregular Verbs finished hoped tried Simple Past –ed for regular verbs saw sang went

35. 35 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PAST PARTICIPLE Regular VerbsIrregular Verbs finished hoped tried Past Participle –ed for regular verbs seen sung gone perfect tenses & passive

36. 36 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PRESENT PARTICIPLE Regular VerbsIrregular Verbs finishing hoping trying Present Participle –ing for all verbs seeing singing going used with progressive tenses

37. 37 CHAPTER CONTENT Somebody spent all my money. 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

38. 38 CHAPTER CONTENT SIMPLE FORM: awake SIMPLE PAST: awoke PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

39. 39 CHAPTER CONTENT SIMPLE FORM: forget SIMPLE PAST: forgot PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

40. 40 CHAPTER CONTENT SIMPLE FORM: shave SIMPLE PAST: shaved PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

41. 41 CHAPTER CONTENT SIMPLE FORM: throw SIMPLE PAST: threw PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

42. 42 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 LET’S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: give SIMPLE PAST: _____ gave PAST PARTICIPLE: _____ given

43. 43 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 LET’S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: sit SIMPLE PAST: ___ sat PAST PARTICIPLE: ___ sat

44. 44 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 LET’S PRACTICE SIMPLE FORM: read SIMPLE PAST: _______ read PAST PARTICIPLE: _______ read

45. 45 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS talked talk/t/ She talked to me for an hour.

46. 46 CHAPTER CONTENT voiceless sound + -ed /t/ (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ examples: k /k//p/ pp, 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

47. 47 CHAPTER CONTENT /k//s//ch//sh/, voiceless sound + -ed /t/ (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ examples: /p/ ss ch sh,,, 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

48. 48 CHAPTER CONTENT voiced sound + -ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: ll /l/ /n/ n, 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

49. 49 CHAPTER CONTENT voiced sound + -ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples:/l//n//v/ v /b/ bb all vowel sounds y,,,, 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

50. 50 CHAPTER CONTENT “t” or “d” + -ed / d/ (c) waited = wait / d/ needed = need / d/ t d e e e 2-5 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

51. 51 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE behaved behave__ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e ?

52. 52 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE behaved behave__ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e /d/

53. 53 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE planted plant___ ? 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e

54. 54 CHAPTER CONTENT plant___ 2-5 LET’S PRACTICE / d/ e 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e planted

55. 55 CHAPTER CONTENT He ran to work yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

56. 56 CHAPTER CONTENT THE SIMPLE PAST X (a) Edgar ran to work yesterday. (b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

57. 57 CHAPTER CONTENT THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by. (d) They were eating when I got home. in progress was/were + -ing X X 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

58. 58 CHAPTER CONTENT THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running. when = at that time while = during that time X X 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

59. 59 CHAPTER CONTENT was not talking. wasn’t talking. N EGATIVE S TATEMENT I-She-He-Itwas talking. You-We-Theywere talking. I-She-He-It You-We-Theywere not talking. weren’t talking. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

60. 60 CHAPTER CONTENT Q UESTION S HORT A NSWER I-she-he-it talking ?Was Yes, No, you-we-they talking ?Were I-she-he-it was. I-she-he-itwasn’t. Yes, No, you-we-they were. you-we-theyweren’t. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

61. 61 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE Yesterday, the camels ___________ in the desert. walk were walking

62. 62 CHAPTER CONTENT At 8:00, we began to work. At 8:30, we ____________. work were working 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE

63. 63 CHAPTER CONTENT Marie __________ for the bus. Marie _____________ for a plane. was waiting wait OR wait, not wasn’t waiting 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE

64. 64 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES Our son called while we were using the computer.

65. 65 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. (b) I took a shower after I exercised. (a) time clausemain clause time clause main clause time clausemain clause

66. 66 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. (b) I took a shower after I exercised. (b) main clausetime clause main clause time clausemain clause

67. 67 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (c) I took a shower after I exercised. (d) Before I took a shower, I exercised. after before until as soon as while when subject and verb a time clause + =

68. 68 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (e) I exercised I took a shower. (f) I exercised, I took a shower. until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after until As soon as

69. 69 CHAPTER CONTENT main clause + comma + time clause When Mary came home, I was studying. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (g) Mary came home I was studying. (h) while time clause + comma + main clause

70. 70 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music (i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. when allows simple past in both clauses

71. 71 CHAPTER CONTENT two actions at the same time past progressive okay in both 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf.

72. 72 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE While we ___________, our children ____________ school. attend work were working were attending

73. 73 CHAPTER CONTENT Lynn _________ while she __________ a book. fall asleep was reading read fell asleep 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE

74. 74 CHAPTER CONTENT First: I went shopping. Then: I put the food away. After _____________, ________________. I went shopping I put the food away ________________ after ______________. I went shoppingI put the food away 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE

75. 75 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.

76. 76 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano, but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she doesn’t anymore. used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb

77. 77 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? ( OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?) did + subject + used to ( OR did + subject + use to)

78. 78 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it. For negative ideas, never is more common.

79. 79 CHAPTER CONTENT 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE Correct? The children used to swam in the ocean.

80. 80 CHAPTER CONTENT The children used to swim in the ocean.The children used to swam in the ocean. Correct? No 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE

81. 81 CHAPTER CONTENT Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school? 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE

82. 82 CHAPTER CONTENT Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school? No Did you used to ask questions in school? 2-8 LET’S PRACTICE

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