1. Population Movement within New Zealand

2. Important Questions:  What are the reasons why people have moved, and continue to move, within New Zealand?  What different types of migration have occurred within New Zealand?  What have been the consequences of population movements within New Zealand for both the source areas and destination areas?  How often do people move within New Zealand?

3. Push/Pull Model of Migration SourceDestination                         Obstacles   Counter-stream 

4.  What other migration flows that have taken place within New Zealand can you identify? 1900 - 2000

5.  What trend do the graphs reveal?  What are the push factors and the pull factors that have been involved in this rural – urban migration? -

6.  What was the peak period of this migration?  The diagram outlines many of the pull factors involved in this migration. What were the push factors?  When and why has the “counter stream” to this migration occurred?

7. Population Growth of New Zealand’s 5 Largest Cities 1901 - 1996

8.  What important trends does this diagram reveal? Urban – Rural Migration Flows 1996 - 2001

9. Urban – Rural Migration Flows 2001 - 2006  What trends have occurred during the period between 2001 and 2006?

10.  What does the term “net regional migration” mean?  Which regions experienced (a) the greatest net migration gains, and (b) the greatest net migration losses, between 2001 and 2006?

11.  How could the information in this table be used to show significant movements of people between regions 2001 – 2006 on the map?  What does “net flow” mean?

12. Aucklanders moving to other regions = 76,000 People moving to Auckland from other regions = 59,000 Net internal migration loss = 17,000 Regions with largest net gains of people moving to and from Auckland: Waikato = +5,800 Bay of Plenty = +3,400 Northland = +3,400 Auckland: Net Migration 2001 - 2006  How could a sketch map be used to show this information?

13. New Zealand has a very mobile population.  What does the graph reveal about those who moved within New Zealand between 2001 and 2006?  What percentage of the population moved within New Zealand between 2001 – 2006? More than 50 per cent.

14. Pressure on the infrastructure of urban areas, e.g. the transport network, sewage disposal, water supply, health and education facilities. Consequences/Related Issues What infrastructural problems has Auckland experienced over the past few decades? How have hospitals in the main cities coped in recent years? What has been the impact of roll changes on schools in different parts of Christchurch? What pressure is being placed on Christchurch’s water supply? … other examples?

15. A growing gap between the “haves” and the “have-nots”. Consequences/Related Issues … other examples? What problems are faced by people who live in areas affected by out-migration, such as Taranaki and Southland? What benefits are received by people who live in areas affected by in- migration, such as the Bay of Plenty and Canterbury? Who moves? Who remains behind?

16. Effects on the property market. Consequences/Related Issues What happens to house prices in desirable areas of a city, e.g. the north-west suburbs of Christchurch? What is the difference in value between similar houses in different locations, such as Bluff and Rangiora, Tauranga and Wanganui, Greymouth and Nelson? … other examples?

17. Pressure on the natural environment. Consequences/Related Issues What pollution issues have arisen in Queenstown, Arrowtown and Wanaka in the Southern Lakes District? What environmental concerns are associated with the growing development of life-style properties on the outskirts of Christchurch? … other examples?

18. Decline in economic activity and the loss of essential services in areas of out- migration. Consequences/Related Issues What has happened to hospitals in many rural areas throughout the country? What problem concerning the provision of medical services is experienced by communities in South Westland? What action has the government taken with respect to schools in Southland, South Canterbury, Taranaki and Northland. Why are businesses forced to close in these areas? … other examples?

19. Attempts to encourage people to move to areas of population decline. Consequences/Related Issues What has the Southern Institute of Technology, based in Invercargill, done to attract students? How and why does the Government assist businesses which set up in areas such as the West Coast? … other examples?