1. C HAPTER 12 A N EW N ATION Section 1-4

2. C HAPTER 12 S ECTION 1 Essential Question: How did the Constitution of 1836 affect Texas after the Revolution?

3. E VENTS F OLLOWING T HE R EVOLUTION Texas Revolution ended on April 21, 1836 May 1st, Santa Anna and Texas ad interim (temporary) president David G. Burnett signed the Treaties of Velasco June 1836 Santa Anna was put aboard the Invincible to sail back to Mexico. Texas violated the treaty by putting Santa Anna back in prison so Mexico refused to recognize the treaty since Santa Anna signed it while a prisoner of war

4. E LECTION OF 1836 R ESULTS Texas needed to form a new government President: Sam Houston Vice President: Mirabeau B. Lamar A congress was elected Voters ratified ( approved) the Constitution of 1836 and desire to pursue annexation ( formal joining of one political region to another)

5. C HAPTER 12 S ECTION 2 Essential Question: How will President Houston bring order to the Republic of Texas?

6. H OUSTON ’ S G OALS D URING H IS A DMINISTRATION ( TERM OF OFFICE ) (1) peace with American Indians (2) guard against attack by Mexico (3) Texas to join the United States (annexation)

7. H OUSTON ’ S A TTEMPTS T O A CHIEVE H IS G OALS Appointed a cabinet (group of advisers) to assist him Formed a court system Specified the Republic’s boundaries Congress selected Houston as the new temporary capital

8. P ROBLEMS H OUSTON F ACED Many army members wanted to invade Mexico Houston placed all but 600 members on leave and did not replace them Houston relied on the Texas Rangers (defense force)for keeping peace on the frontier Texas had a debt of $1.25 million The Republic’s expenditures ( spending) for exceeded its revenue ( income)

9. H OUSTON ’ S A TTEMPT TO F IX D EBT I SSUES FOR T EXAS New gov’t collected taxes and placed customs duties on imports Public land was put up for sale Asked for loans from the United States

10. H OW WAS LAND USED TO HELP ? In 1836, Texas claimed 200 million acres of public land Established a colonization policy in the 1840s to encourage immigration to Texas

11. H OUSTON W ORKS TO P ROTECT T EXAS I NDIANS Houston wanted to avoid a war with Texas Indians Worked for a peaceful solution Promoted trade with the Indians Many in the Republic disagreed with Houston Led by Vicente Cordova, the Cordova Rebellion increased Texans’ suspicions that some American Indians were allied with Mexico. William Goyens and Chief Bowles helped to establish peace with the Cherokee and other Indian groups.

12. C HAPTER 12 N OTES, S ECTION 3 Essential Question: How did President Lamar attempt to bring order to the Republic of Texas?

13. P RESIDENT A FTER H OUSTON Mirabeau B. Lamar was chosen as the second president of the Republic

14. L AMAR ’ S G OALS FOR T EXAS (1) public education system (2) choose a permanent capital for Texas…Lamar thought Houston was too far east...Austin was chosen (3) continue the Republic’s land policy…Congress passed a Homestead Law to protect a family’s home and land

15. PROBLEMS OF LAMAR’S ADMINISTRATION Economic hard times Rising debt due to increased military spending & declining currency Conflicts with Indians and settlers

16. S ANTA F E E XPEDITION Lamar sent Edwin W. Moore to guard the coast of Yucatan from being blockaded by the Mexican Navy to access valuable trade moving along the Santa Fe Trail Lamar sent an expedition to Santa Fe, New Mexico to take control of the region- Santa Fe Expedition Jose Antonio Navarro, a Tejano, accompanied this expedition Group was captured and put in prison but Navarro was held captive longer and ordered to be executed by Santa Anna Navarro escaped back to Texas

17. W AR WITH THE T EXAS I NDIANS Lamar wanted American Indians removed from Texas In 1839 Lamar ordered the Cherokee to leave Texas and sent troops to remove them Many battles were fought between the Texans and Indians, including the Council House Fight

18. R ESULTS OF L AMAR ’ S I NDIAN P OLICY He achieved his goal of pushing Cherokee out of E. Texas Settlers were pleased with a safer frontier and more land Some Texans were worried about the expense that went with the increased warfare that cost the Republic $2.5 million During Lamar’s term, the debt increased from $3.3 million to $8M

19. C HAPTER 12 S ECTION 4 Essential Question: How did President Houston try to reduce the growing debt in Texas?

20. H OUSTON ’ S S ECOND A DMINISTRATION Cut government spending in hopes of achieving a balanced budget Cut government jobs and salaries Reduced the size of the military and hoped to sell the navy Issued a new currency and limited its circulation As a result of cuts, gov’t spending dropped from $4.8 M under Lamar to $500, 000 under Houston Returned peaceful relationships between the Indians and Texans