1. Cell Structure

2. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Pro = before
Karyon = nucleus
Lacks:
Nucleus
Internal compartments (membrane bound organelles)
Small, simple, single-celled organisms
BACTERIA
Eukaryotes
Eu = true
Karyon = nucleus
Has:
Nucleus
Internal compartments (membrane bound organelles)
Complex, multi-celled organisms
PLANTS & ANIMALS

3. Prokaryotic Cells Bacteria Have no nuclei or internal compartments
Small, single-celled organisms

4. Prokaryotic Structures
Cell wall
surrounds the cell membrane and provides structure and support
Can have three shapes:
coccus (spherical)
bacillus (rod-shaped)
spirillum (spiral)

5. Flagella/Cilia (Factory Vehicles)
threadlike structures
protrude from the cell’s surface
allows for movement

6. Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cells or Plant Cells
Have a nucleus and organelles
Complex and multi-celled

7. Eukaryotic Structure
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

8. All Cells Have:
Cell (plasma) membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
DNA

9. Cell (Plasma) Membrane (POLICEMAN)
Separates the cell from its environment
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
Protects the cell

10. Cytoplasm (RIVER) Semi-fluid (jelly-like) interior of the cell
What holds the cell’s structures

11. Centrioles (DIVIDERS)
ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
Make microtubules (for cytoskeleton)
Help cells divide
Found in pairs next to nucleus

12. Nucleus (BRAIN) Control (information) center
Manages all cell functions
Contains DNA

13. Nuclear Membrane/Envelope (GUARD OF NUCLEUS)
Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
Regulates what enters and exits the nucleus
Protects the nucleus

14. Nucleolus (RIBOSOME MAKER)
Found inside the nucleus
Makes ribosomes

15. Ribosomes (BUILDERS)
Are “free” (scattered in cytoplasm) or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Make (synthesize) proteins

16. Chromatin (DNA) Genetic information
DNA provides the instructions for all the activities that occur in a cell

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (TRANSPORTERS/ASSEMBLY LINE)
Network of membranes (2 Kinds)

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (TRANSPORTERS/ASSEMBLY LINE)
Rough ER
Ribosomes attached
Move proteins through cell
Where proteins are made

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum (TRANSPORTERS/ASSEMBLY LINE)
Smooth ER
No ribosomes attached
Make lipids; break down toxic substances

20. Golgi Apparatus/Body (MAILMAN/UPS)
Processes, packages and ships new proteins
Flattened membrane

21. Vesicles (VEHICLES) Small sac that transports things
Takes newly made proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus
new proteins ER
Vesicle
Golgi apparatus

23. Lysosomes (TRASHMAN) Contain digestive enzymes
Digest worn out cell parts, food, or invaders

24. Vacuoles (WAREHOUSE/STORAGE)
Stores water, food, wastes, and other materials

25. Vacuoles (WAREHOUSE/STORAGE)
Plants have a CENTRAL VACUOLE
Very large
When full gives plants rigidity
Animal cells only have small vacuoles

26. Mitochondria (POWERPLANT)
Produces energy for the cell
Uses food (glucose) and oxygen to make energy
Have own DNA and ribosomes

29. Cytoskeleton (FRAMEWORK)
Microscopic fibers
Microtubules and Microfilaments

30. Cytoskeleton (FRAMEWORK)
Microfilaments:
threadlike structures made up of the protein actin
produce a tough, flexible framework that supports the cell
help with movement

31. Cytoskeleton (FRAMEWORK)
Microtubules
hollow structures made of tubulins (protein) that help maintain cell shape
play an important role in cell division
build projections from the cell surface—cilia and flagella—that enable some cells to swim rapidly through liquids

32. PLANT CELL ONLY!!!

33. Chloroplast (CHEF) Produce energy for cell by photosynthesis
Convert light energy into food energy
Store as starch

36. ONLY IN PLANT CELLS Leukoplasts (COOKIE JARS) Stores starch
Chromoplasts (CRAYOLAS)
Stores colored pigments

37. Cell Wall (SKELETON) ONLY IN PLANT CELLS (and prokaryotes)
Surrounds cell membrane
Supports and protects cell

41. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
CELL
The basic unit of life.
What is a group of cells working together?

42. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
TISSUE
A group of similar cells working together to perform a function.
What is a group of tissues working together?

43. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
A group of similar tissues working together to perform a function.
What is a group of organs working together?

44. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
SYSTEM
A group of similar organs working together to perform a function.
What is a group of organ systems working together?

45. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
ORGANISM
A group of similar organ systems working together to perform a function.