1. Chapter 5 - Reconstruction
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
Section 3: Birth of the “New South”
Section 4: The End of Reconstruction

2. Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
TEKS – 24G, 25C

3. TEKS
24G
Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.
25C
Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.

4. Reconstruction
Reconstruction – a federal government program to repair the damage to the South and restore the southern states to the Union.
Postwar South’s Three Major Groups of People:
Black Southerners
Found themselves homeless, jobless, and hungry
Worked for former masters
Plantation Owners
Land taken by the government or in debt
Poor White Southerners
No jobs so they migrated west

5. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
Ten Percent Plan
Offered a pardon, or forgiveness of crime, to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance
No pardons for Confederates who killed African Americans
States can hold convention to create new Constitution if state had at least 10 percent allegiance
States could then hold elections and resume full participation
Radical Republicans – groups of Republicans who were opposed to Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction

6. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Presidential Reconstruction
Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance
Permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention
States had to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt
States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union

7. African Americans Gain Freedoms
Freedom of Movement
Took to the roads
Freedom to Own Land
Wanted federal government to redistribute southern land
Freedom to Worship
New lack organizations popped up in the South, most visibly churches
Freedom to Learn
Had the ability to learn
The Freedman’s Bureau
The first major federal relief agency that gave out clothing, medical supplies, and millions of meals

8. Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction
TEKS – 7A, 7C, 8B, 19B, 24D, 24G

9. TEKS 7A
Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments. 7C
Evaluate government efforts, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to achieve equality in the United States. 8B
Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.
19B
Evaluate the contributions of significant political and social leaders in the United States such as Andrew Carnegie, Shirley Chisholm, and Franklin D. Roosevelt.
24D
Use the process of historical inquiry to research, interpret, and use multiple sources of evidence.
24G
Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.

10. Black Codes Black Codes – laws that restricted freedman’s rights
Curfews – no gathering after sunset
Vagrancy laws – punishment for not working
Labor contracts – agreements for work
Land restrictions – forced to live on plantations

11. Fourteenth Amendment
To guarantee citizens equal protection under the law
Civil rights – citizens’ personal liberties guaranteed by law, such as voting rights and equal treatment

12. Reconstruction Act of 1867
South under military rule, separated into five districts
New elections for delegates to create new state constitutions
All qualified male voters to vote in state elections
Barred supporters of Confederacy from voting
Southern states had to guarantee equal rights
Required states to ratify the 14th amendment

13. Johnson is Impeached
Impeach – to charge a President with wrongdoing in office
Left Johnson as a lame duck in office
In 1868, General Ulysses S. Grant is elected President

14. Fifteenth Amendment No citizen may be denied the right to vote
Texas v. White (1869)
Illegal for any state to secede
Upheld Congress’s right to restructure
With these in place, African Americans begin to gain elected positions

15. The Republican South
Carpetbaggers – northern Republicans who moved to the postwar South to make a quick profit
Scalawag – white southern Republicans seen as traitors

16. Section 3: Birth of the “New South”
TEKS – 7A, 8B, 20A, 24H

17. TEKS 7A
Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments. 8B
Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.
20A
Describe how the characteristics and issues of various eras in U.S. history have been reflected in works of art, music, and literature such as the paintings of Georgia O'Keeffe, rock and roll, and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.
24H
Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs.

18. Changes in Farming
Sharecropping – System of farming in which a farmer tends some portion of a planter’s land and receives a share of the crop at harvest time as payment.
50 cents a day
Tenant Farming – Farmers paid to own the land they were farming.

19. Effects on the South’s Economy
Changes in the Labor Force
90% harvested by slaves => 40% harvested by white laborers
Emphasis on Cash Crops
Cotton, tobacco, and Sugar cane
Cycle of Debt
Rise of Merchants
Stores would sell supplies on credit

20. Reconstruction Efforts
Poured money into infrastructure
The public property and services that a society uses.
Corruption
Much of the money went to those who didn’t need it

21. Section 4: The End of Reconstruction
TEKS – 7A, 7C, 8B, 24A

22. TEKS 7A
Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments. 7C
Evaluate government efforts, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to achieve equality in the United States. 8B
Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.
24A
Locate and use primary and secondary sources such as computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about the United States.

23. KKK To keep African-Americans in the role of submissive laborers
Pretended to be ghosts of the Confederate soldiers, returned from the dead in search of revenge against enemies of the South.

24. Enforcement Act of 1870
Banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race.
Wiped out the KKK within a year.

25. The End of Reconstruction
Corruption
Legislatures symbolized corruption, greed, and poor government
Economy
Southern states deeper in debt and economic downturn in 1873
Violence
When federal troops withdrew from the south, violence replaced them
Democrats Return to Power
Last ex-Confederates had been pardoned and they formed the solid South (a bloc of Democratic voters)

26. Compromise of 1877 Election of 1876 Compromise
Republican - Rutherford B. Hayes
Wins Electoral college vote
Democrat – Samuel Tilden
Wins popular vote and electoral college
Compromise
North Gets - Rutherford B. Hayes as president
South Gets - End of Reconstruction, removal of federal troops from the South, and money for levees and railroads

27. End of Chapter 5 - Reconstruction
Prepare for a QUIZ!