1. “There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” - Shakespeare First Photo of a Living Giant Squid September 2005

2. Ecology The study of distribution and abundance of species and their relationship to the environment. (The study of ecosystems.) The study of distribution and abundance of species and their relationship to the environment. (The study of ecosystems.)

3. Ecology Organic Compounds Cell Individual Organism Population Community Ecosystem

4. Controlled environment with the ability to gather energy, store information, and reproduce. Cell DNA

5. Ecology Organic Compounds Cell Individual Organism Population Community Ecosystem

6. Organisms Species: A group of organisms capable of interbreeding with each other & producing fertile offspring (a closed “gene pool”.)

7. Population “the number of individuals of a single species that occupy a defined area at a given time”

8. Community “all the individuals of all species that occupy a defined area at a given time” Hoh Rainforest, Olympic Peninsula

9. Ecosystem “the community plus all the non-living things (soil, air, water, climate, etc.) that occupy a defined area at a given time” North Cascades

10. Ecology The study of distribution and abundance of species and their relationship to the environment. (The study of ecosystems.) The study of distribution and abundance of species and their relationship to the environment. (The study of ecosystems.)

11. Describing a Community What is the total number of each species in a community (i.e., population of all the species)? 1.Abundance 2.Diversity 3.Productivity 4.Complexity 5.Stability 6.Structure

12. Population Ecology

13. Describing a Community How diverse is the community? 1.Abundance 2.Diversity 3.Productivity 4.Complexity 5.Stability 6.Structure For example, how many different species are in the community (biodiversity).

14. Taxonomy: How do we sort life? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Subspecies Carl Linnaeus

15. 6 Kingdoms of Life Single Celled - prokaryotes and eukaryotes  Archaea (“extremophiles”)  Bacteria (“germs” & blue-green algae)  Protista (one-celled eukaryotes) Metazoans - multicellular, eukaryotes  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia Single Celled - prokaryotes and eukaryotes  Archaea (“extremophiles”)  Bacteria (“germs” & blue-green algae)  Protista (one-celled eukaryotes) Metazoans - multicellular, eukaryotes  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia Prokaryote - small cell with no nucleus Eukaryote - large cell will nucleus

16. Extremophiles (Archea) Thermophiles Halophiles Methanogens Cryophiles

17. Bacteria

18. Protista

19. Fungi

20. Plantae

21. Animalia

22. Taxonomy: Assigning Names Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Subspecies Scientific Name Homo sapiens

23. Taxonomy: Relationships Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Subspecies Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Homididae Homo sapiens Animalia Chordata Osteichthyes Salmoniformes Salmonidae Onchorhynchus tshawytscha Plantae Pinophyta Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Sequoia sempervirens HumanKing SalmonCoast Redwood

24. Describing a Community 1.Abundance 2.Diversity 3.Productivity 4.Complexity 5.Stability 6.Structure Often describe biodiversity at the species level (because it is a closed gene pool) But we could also discuss family diversity, or subspecies diversity, etc.

25. Species Biodiversity 10-100 Million on Earth (only about 2 million identified) Introduced (alien/exotic) Species Native Species

26. Abundance & Diversity 1.Abundance 2.Diversity 3.Productivity 4.Complexity 5.Stability 6.Structure