1. Chapter 17 Effort

2. Chapter 17 Key Points Defines HOW the body moves Components include Time, Force, Effort Highly skilled individually can reflexively perform proper amount/degree of time, force and flow Children however need initial contrasting experiences in extremes (hard/soft; fast/slow), followed by graduations of the extremes and eventual application of these concepts in relation to specific skills in different situations

3. Chapter 17 Key Points Imagery helps children distinguish among these concepts as it helps them envision and focus on the movement quality of the image created (e.g. move like a hippo – with slow lumbering movements)

4. The Effort Movement Concept The Concept of Effort: How the Body Moves Time Fast Slow Force Strong Light Flow Bound Free

5. Movement Concepts in Physical Education Space Awareness (where the body moves) Location Directions Levels Pathways Extensions Effort (how the body moves) Time Force Flow Relationships (with whom, or what the body moves) Of body parts With objects and/or people With people

6. Movement Analysis Framework: The Wheel

7. Chapter 17 Key Points Time Learning Experiences should: Allow for a functional understanding of time by contrasting fast and slow Include the ability to execute movements at varying speeds necessary for adapting, changing or creating a situation Force Is the contrast of muscular tensions along a continuum from strong to light Learning Experiences should: Allow for a functional understanding of force by contrasting the strong and light actions of the body.

8. Chapter 17 Key Points Flow Depicts whether the mover or the movement is in control of the action. Free Flow: movement is in control of action and is not stoppable at given time (e.g.batter’s swing). Bound Flow: Mover is in control of action (e.g. traveling, freezing) Learning Experiences should: Allow for a functional understanding of free flow and bound flow

9. Chapter 17 Key Points Some teaching points: Teachers should focus on effort concepts until children understand terminology and can demonstrate the extremes of each concept Once mastered, such concepts should then be applied to actual skill learning situations