2. Chapter 1 Essentials of Geography
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. Christopherson
Charles E. Thomsen

3. Essentials of Geography
The Science of Geography  
Earth Systems Concepts  
Location and Time on Earth  
Maps, Scales, and Projections  
Remote Sensing and GIS  

4. The Science of Geography
Geographic Analysis
The Geographic Continuum

5. Figure 1.2

6. Scientific Method
Figure FS 1.1.1

7. Earth Systems Concepts
Systems Theory  
Open system
Closed system
System feedback
System equilibrium
Mount Pinatubo–global system impact
Systems in Elemental Geosystems
Models of systems

8. Figure 1.3

9. Systems
Figure 1.4

10. Meltponds as Positive Feedback
Figure HLC 1.1.1

11. Mount Pinatubo
Figure 1.5

12. Earth’s Four Spheres
Figure 1.7

13. Earth’s Dimensions
Figure 1.8

14. Measuring Earth in 247 B.C.
Figure 1.9

15. Location and Time on Earth
Latitude
Latitudinal geographic zones
Longitude
Great Circles
Prime Meridian and Standard Time
International Date Line
Coordinated Universal Time
Daylight saving time

16. Latitude
Figure 1.10

17. Latitudinal Geographic Zones
Figure 1.12

18. Longitude
Figure 1.12

19. Great Circles and Small Circles
Figure 1.13

20. Prime Meridian and Standard Time
Figure 1.15

21. Maps, Scales, and Projections
Map Scales
Projections
Properties of projections
The nature and classes of projections

22. Classes of Map Projections
Figure 1.19

23. Remote Sensing and GIS Remote Sensing
Active remote sensing
Passive remote sensing
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

24. Active and Passive Remote Sensing
Figure 1.22

25. Remote Sensing
RADARSAT-1
GOES-12
Figure 1.23
Figure 1.24

26. GIS System Model
Figure 1.26

27. Elemental Geosystems 5e
End of Chapter 1
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. Christopherson
Charles E. Thomsen