1. TRAVEL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 1
Background for Tourism Planning

2. Early Travel and Tourism
Prehistoric Times
People traveled for essential reasons of:
seeking food
escaping from enemies
obtaining relief from the pressures of over population
achieving territorial expansion
Engaging in bartering type of trade
Or curiosity about unknown lands

3. Early Travel and Tourism
The Middle Ages
Religious pilgrimages
The Renaissance to World War II
Trade
Educational
Experiential purpose
Grand Tour developed

4. Grand Tour
The word tour gained acceptance in the 18th century, when the Grand Tour of Europe became part of the upbringing of the educated and wealthy British nobleman or cultured gentleman.
Grand tours were particular interesting for young people to "complete" their education.
They travelled all over Europe, but notably to places of cultural and aesthetic interest, such as Rome, Tuscany and the Alps.

5. The British aristocracy were keen on the Grand Tour, using the occasion to gather art treasures from Europe to add to their collections.
Tourism in those days, aimed essentially at the very top of the social ladder( the rich people) and at the well educated.

6. Early Travel and Tourism
The Industrial Revolution
Modern tourism development
Spas and seaside resorts
Large city hotels
Automobile
Roads and railways
Lake and river boats
Air travel

7. Mass Tourism
Mass travel could not really begin to develop until two things occurred.
a) improvements in technology allowed the transport
of large numbers of people in a short space of time
to places of leisure interest, and
b) greater numbers of people began to enjoy the
benefits of leisure time. A major development was
the invention of the railways, which brought many
of Britain's seaside towns within easy distance of
Britain's urban centres.

8. The father of modern mass tourism was Thomas Cook who, on 5 July 1841, organized the first package tour in history, by chartering a train to take a group of temperance campaigners from Leicester to a rally in Loughborough, some twenty miles away.
Cook immediately saw the potential for business development in the sector, and became the world's first tour operator.

9. BEFORE MASS TOURISM
AFTER MASS TOURISM
HOW
Ship, horse, foot
Train, plane, cruise ship
WHY
Education, culture
Sightseeing, sun/sea
WHEN
Months or years
Seasonal-weeks
WHO
Aristocracy
anyone
WHERE
Europe (grand tour)
Anywhere in the world

10. Recent Development of Tourism
Greater disposable income available for travel
Less working hours and a large number of employees who receive paid holidays and annual vacations
Higher education levels and greater awareness of other areas of the world
Rapid and dispersed economic development
Major improvements in transportation including in air travel services and highway networks

11. Contemporary Tourism Trends
Actively engage in recreational and sporting activities
Learn about and participate in local culture
Seek new destinations
Develop special interests through traveling
Meeting, conference and convention tourism

12. The Importance of Tourism
To generate economic benefits of foreign exchange earning
Income
Employment
Government revenues
To serve as a catalyst for development of other economic sectors
Applying measures for environmental and cultural heritage conservation
Provides recreational, cultural and commercial facilities

13. The Tourist Definition
Tourists- temporary visitor staying at least 24 hours in the country visited and the purposed of whose journey can be classified as:
Leisure (recreation, holiday, health, religion or sport)
Business
Family
Mission and
Meeting

14. The Tourist
Excursionists- temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not making an overnight stay (including travelers on cruises)
"Tourists leave home to escape the world, while travelers
leave home to experience the world. Tourists ... are
merely doing the hokey-pokey: putting their right foot in
and taking their right foot out; calling themselves world
travelers but experiencing very little."