1. Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 3 – Wednesday Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 3 – Wednesday (2008/09) John Barnden Professor of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science University of Birmingham // UK

2. Video ROBOTIC CAR RACE www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/darpa/program.html (video shown was at the Chapter 6 link, but there are others)

3. Links to Other Disciplines uPsychology: on how human and other animal minds work and how behaviour arises. uPhysiology & Neurophysiology: on how bodies & brains work. uPhilosophy: on the nature of mind // thought // consciousness // language // morality // imagination // reasoning // representation // … uLinguistics: on the nature of communication via language uSociology: on the nature and operation of society uothers

4. Reminder: The Three Case Studies uMaking Hot Drinks for some Friends uGoing on a Shopping Trip uTackling Crime (etc.)

5. Discussion of Individual Exercise 1 HOT DRINKS uImagine having your friends round for coffee // tea etc. in the middle of the morning // say. What physical (or other) skills do you need? What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects // people // culture // …)? What communication with people do you need to do? What reasoning do you need to do? What roles does learning play?

6. HOT DRINKS What physical …. skills do you need? //// // // //… // … // … // … Filling a kettle // switching the kettle on // pouring hot liquid // holding a cup holding liquid without it spilling // picking a way through a group of mobile entities // visually monitoring what you’ve done … // … // … // … What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects, people, culture, …)? //// // // // // // // // // … // … // … How to prepare boiling water // what sorts of drinks there are // what you have in your kitchen // what the guests want (NB: economical representation of that) how much instant coffee to put in a mug // similarly water, milk and sugar // people’s drinking habits (in general, and individuals’) // how to deal with a spill // possible effects of a spill // what to do as a host // what (not) to expect of a guest // … // … // … What communication with people do you need to do? // //// // … // … // … Asking the guests what they want // interpreting their answers and later requests // using non-verbal communication as well as verbal // tactfully getting rid of people // … // … // …

7. HOT DRINKS (contd.) What reasoning do you need to do? //// // // // // Planning a reasonable drink preparation sequence, given the desires of the guests // rationing ingredients if you’re short of them // suggesting likely alternatives if you don’t have something // reasoning about when (not) to offer a refill // reasoning whether refusals of more of something are sincere or just polite // reasoning about how to split or share tasks if someone helps you // reasoning that if someone has already wanted decaff they will continue to want it; reasoning about how to deal with someone who is sad; // … // … // … What roles does learning play? // // // … // … // … Through previous life, learning all the above knowledge, skills and abilities // finding out quickly and remembering how to do something if you don’t know // gradually or quickly learning what your friends like // … // … // …

8. Discussion of Group Exercise TACKLING CRIME ETC. 1/N uWalking the back streets of Birmingham at night // you come across a semi-conscious young woman on the ground. In her hand she holds a transparent cylindrical plastic container in which there is a lock of hair // which doesn’t look anything like her own. When you try to speak to her she only groans. What’s going on and what do you do?!

9. The Hair Girl Mystery Knowledge: //// //// // //// // … // … // … People’s hair practices (hair dyeing, keeping hair as memento, etc.) // purposes of plastic tubes // people’s relationships and what happens to them // why someone may be semi-conscious // how to deal with a semi-conscious person // how to call the appropriate emergency service // how to describe where you are // knowing what you don’t know when talking to the emergency operator // … // … // … Reasoning: // // // //… // … // … Wondering about possible scenarios // deciding whether to hang around and help // working our where to find a phone if you don’t have one // deciding what to do if there’s a delay in the ambulance coming // … // … // …

10. Discussion of Individual Exercise 2 SHOPPING TRIP 1/N uImagine going out by yourself to buy a variety of items for yourself and some friends. What physical (or other) skills do you need? What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects // people // culture // …)? What communication with people do you need to do? What reasoning do you need to do? What roles does learning play?

11. SHOPPING TRIP 1/N (brief) What physical …. skills do you need? // // //// … // … Seeing things esp. in cluttered environment // walking about esp. in crowded street or shop // carrying (several) things esp. without dropping them or clobbering other people // reading maps and diagrammatic signs // … // … What knowledge do you need about the world (about physical objects, people, culture, …)? // ////// //// //// … // … What shops (might) sell what // opening hours of shops (in general and in particular) // where particular shops are or are likely to be // layout of towns // how to make a purchase // typical costs of things // how much money or credit you have // what the people you’re buying things for like // … // … What reasoning do you need to do? // // // //// // … // … Working out what shops might sell what // planning a reasonably efficient route round the shops, and planning for possible problems // re-planning (taking advantage of serendipities and overcoming problems) // reasoning about money spent and remaining // reasoning about what clothes might go with each other // searching through piles and racks of clothes, toys, food, etc. // … // … Communication and learning? ((no comment here))

12. EVERYDAY VISION & MOVEMENT (postponed till next Tuesday)