1. Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 3 (07/08) John Barnden Professor of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science University of Birmingham, UK

2. Some Example Applications, contd. 2 (review) uIntelligent personalized web-search agents. uPolicing and national security. uMachine translation (of language). uSemantic web.

3. WHAT DOES “ARTIFICIAL” MEAN??

4. Links to Other Disciplines uPsychology: on how human and other animal minds and behaviour work. uPhysiology & Neurophysiology: on how bodies & brains work. uPhilosophy: on the nature of mind, thought, consciousness, language, morality, imagination, reasoning, representation, … uLinguistics: on the nature of communication via language uSociology: on the nature and operation of society uothers

5. How Do the Aims of AI Differ from those of the Rest of CS? uSystem ability on broader tasks or broader ranges of tasks; Extrapolation to new variants of tasks. uAdaptability, learning. uVariable organization of major actions. uDiversity of information. uHandling of imperfections: uncertainty, vagueness, inconsistency, incorrectness, missing info, system damage. u“Graceful degradation” as info or system damage gets worse. u“Satisficing”: being good enough rather than perfect. uSelf-reflection.

6. Expert versus Everyday/Common-Sense uExpert AI: e.g., l Expert systems for medical diagnosis, etc. l Chess programs l Mathematical theorem provers l Aircraft movement planning systems l Specialized manufacturing robots uEveryday/Common-Sense AI: e.g., l Language processing, for no specific domain l Common-sense reasoning about the everyday world l Seeing the everyday world

7. WHY IS EVERYDAY AI CHALLENGING?

8. Who … … ? How many of you … … ? How many students at the University own cats?