1. Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 2 – Tuesday part B Introduction to AI & AI Principles (Semester 1) WEEK 2 – Tuesday part B (2008/09) John Barnden Professor of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science University of Birmingham, UK

2. Links to Other Disciplines uPsychology: on how human and other animal minds and behaviour work. uPhysiology & Neurophysiology: on how bodies & brains work. uPhilosophy: on the nature of mind, thought, consciousness, language, morality, imagination, reasoning, representation, … uLinguistics: on the nature of communication via language uSociology: on the nature and operation of society uothers

3. How Do the Aims of AI Differ from those of the Rest of CS? uSystem ability on broader tasks or broader ranges of tasks; Extrapolation to new variants of tasks. uAdaptability, learning. uVariable organization of major actions. uDiversity of information. uHandling of imperfections: uncertainty, vagueness, inconsistency, incorrectness, missing info, system damage. u“Graceful degradation” as info or system damage gets worse. u“Satisficing”: being good enough rather than perfect. uSelf-reflection.

4. Expert versus Everyday/Common-Sense uExpert AI: e.g., l Expert systems for medical diagnosis, etc. l Chess programs l Mathematical theorem provers l Aircraft movement planning systems l Specialized manufacturing robots uEveryday/Common-Sense AI: e.g., l Language processing, for no specific domain l Common-sense reasoning about the everyday world l Seeing the everyday world

5. WHY IS EVERYDAY AI CHALLENGING?

6. Who … … ? How many … … ?

7. Notice on van: CAUTION CHILDREN What could this mean?

8. Some Possible Meanings (of the phrase in isolation, at least) uBe cautious, you might harm a child. uBe cautious, a child might harm you! uChildren, be cautious. uCaution some children, please. uThis locker (say) is for the children of the Caution family. uThese are the children who have been cautioned. uThese are the children who have done some cautioning. uThese are the children who are “a caution.”