2. Personal Pronouns Comparison: Subject form vs. Object form אֹתִי me אֹתָנוּ us אֹתְךָ you (m. s.) אֶתְכֶם you (m. p.) אֹתָךְ you (f. s.) אֶתְכֶן you (f. p.) אֹתוׂ him אׁתָם or אֶתְהֶם them (m. p.) אֹתָהּ her אׁתָן or אֶתְהֶן them (f. p.) Key: These are formed by adding suffixes to the direct object marker את– a key for remembering that these are object forms, not subject forms. אֲנִי or אָנֹכִי I אֲנַחְנוּ we אַתָּה you (m. s.) אַתֶּם you (m. p.) אַתְּ you (f. s.) אַתֶּן or אַתֵּנָּה you (f. p.) הוּא he, it (m.s.) הֵם or הֵמָּה they (m. p.) הִיא she, it (f. s.) הֵנָּה they (f. p.) Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns

3. The 1cs אֲנֹכִי and אֲנִי are both attested in the Bible, although אֲנִי is more frequent. There is no difference in the meaning of the two forms of the word. The 2fs forms (both subject and object forms) are infrequent and no particular preference is attested for their individual use. The 3mp forms are used frequently. הֵם is attested more frequently in the Pentateuch. הֵמָּה is more frequent in Samuel and other poetic books. The independent forms are used mainly as subjects in nonverbal sentences. For example: הוּא טוֹב He is good. הִיא הֹלֵךְ She is walking. אֲנִי בַשָּׂדֶה I am in the field. When independent personal pronouns do occur in verbal sentences, they are placed before a verb to emphasize the subject.

5. מִי is equivalent to the English word who and is not inflected for gender or number. For example: בֵּן מִי אַתָּה Whose son are you? מִי הֵנָּה Who are they? מַה is equivalent to the English word what and is not inflected for gender or number. Similar to the definite article, the form of מַה varies depending on the following word. However, the changes are inconsistent. Three rules generally cover the changes that occur: מַה is used before words beginning with א, ה or ר. מֶה is used before words beginning with ח or ע. Before non-guttural consonants, מַה is used and the initial consonant of the following word is doubled. A maqqēp can follow any of the above forms.

6. Sometimes a demonstrative pronoun will follow מִי or מַה. For example: מִי הִיא Who is she? מַה זֹּאת עָשוּ What is this they have done?

8. The pronominal suffixes for עַל, אֶל, תַּחַת, and אַחֲרֵי differ slightly from the pronominal suffixes that you studied in chapters 14 and 15. For example: אֵלַי to me עָלַי on me אֵלֶיךָ to you (ms) עָלֶיךָ on you (ms) אֵלַיִךְ to you (fs) עָלַיִךְ on you (fs) אֵלָיו to him עָלָיו on him אֵלֶיהָ to her עָלֶיהָ on her אֵלֵינוּ to us עָלֵינוּ on us אֲלֵיכֶם to you (mp) עֲלֵיכֶם on you (mp) אֲלֵיכֶן to you (fp) עֲלֵיכֶן on you (fp) אֲלֵיהֶם to them (mp) עֲלֵיהֶם on them (mp) אֲלֵיהֶן to them (fp) עֲלֵיהֶן on them (fp) 1 cs ִִי 2 ms ךָךָ 2 fs ךְךְ 3 ms וֹ 3fs ָהּ 1 cp נוּנוּ 2 mp כֶם 2 fp כֶן 3 mp הֶם 3 fp הֶן

9. The pronominal suffixes for עַל, אֶל, תַּחַת, and אַחֲרֵי differ slightly from the pronominal suffixes that you studied in chapters 14 and 15. For example: תַּחְתַּי under me אַחֲרַי after me תַּחְתֶּיךָ under you (ms) אַחֲרֶיךָ after you (ms) תַּחְתַּיִךְ under you (fs) אַחֲרַיִךְ after you (fs) תַּחְתָּיו under him אַחֲרָיו after him תַּחְתֶּיהָ under her אַחֲרֶיהָ after her תַּחְתֵּינוּ under us אַחֲרֵינוּ after us תַּחְתֵּיכֶם under you (mp) אַחֲרֵיכֶם after you (mp) תַּחְתֵּיכֶן under you (fp) אַחֲרֵיכֶן after you (fp) תַּחְתֵּיהֶם under them (mp) אַחֲרֵיהֶם after them (mp) תַּחְתֵּיהֶן under them (fp) אַחֲרֵיהֶן after them (fp)