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The Motown Beat A medium tempo, between 100-120 beats per minute A strong backbeat Light timekeeping, usually percussion Moderate syncopation A bass line in free rhythm A dense, multi-layered, heterogeneous texture
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Motown Melody Riffs –Instrumental riffs tend to be shorter Saturation
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Motown Harmony Our experience with the Blues taught us three useful things about harmony –We hear harmonies from the bass up –I, IV and V are the three basic chords of the blues—and of early rock –The change from one chord to the next creates a rhythm
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Motown Instrumentation A rhythm section contains three types of instruments –Bass instrument (stand-up or electric bass) –Chord instrument (guitar or piano) –Percussion instrument (drum kit, tambourine, etc.)
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Dynamics and Inflection Dynamics refers to loudness and softness Inflection is dynamic variation on a small scale, a stress of one note over another Hierarchy –Vocal lines most prominent –Bass line and backbeat next loudest –All other lines in the background
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Texture Texture is the relationship of different layers of musical activity Most common a) Melody b) A strong backbeat c) Light percussion
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Texture Motown songs consist more of a set of preferences than a set of prescriptions A persistent feature in Motown recordings is call and response
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Form The form of the song amplifies and reinforces the verbal message Mostly through the alternation of verse and refrain
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Summary of the Motown Sound Light timekeeping (percussion and chord instruments) Melodic saturation Moderate syncopation Rich instrumentation Hierarchical dynamics Dense, multilayered texture Verse/Refrain forms that climax at title phrase
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Why is Motown So Influential? A balance between melody and rhythm Multiple points of entry (riffs and hooks) A fresh new vocal sound close to mainstream taste Instrumentation that appealed to a wide- ranging audience Easy to follow forms
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