1. Biomes are regions in the world with similar: Climate (weather, temperature) Flora (vegetation, or plants) Fauna (animals & insects)

2. Sunlight 90°N North Pole 66.5°N 23.5°N 0° 23.5°S 66.5°S 90°S South Pole Arctic circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Arctic circle Most direct sunlight How is sunlight different at different latitudes?

3. Tropical rain forest Tropical dry forest Tropical savanna Temperate woodland and shrubland Desert Temperate grassland Boreal forest (Taiga) Northwestern coniferous forest Temperate forest Mountains and ice caps Tundra Section 4-3 Figure 4-11 The World’s Major Land Biomes

4. TERRESTRIAL or LAND BIOMES INCLUDE: Tundra Northwest Coniferous Forest Temperate Forest Temperate Grassland Temperate Woodlands Boreal Forest Tropical Rainforest Tropical Savannah Tropical Dry Desert

5. Coniferous forest Tundra Deciduous Forest Desert Rainforest Savannah

6. TUNDRA Has a permanently frozen subsoil called permafrost too cold for many animals or plants to survive (Avg. temp. -10° c) Average precipitation is less than 50 cm/year Plants: includes mosses, lichens, grass & small shrubs. Animals: Polar bears, Arctic foxes, caribou

7. TUNDRA

8. T TTUNDRAUNDRATTUNDRAUNDRA

11. Coniferous Forest Cold, wet climate Has long cold winters (average temp. 0° c) Average annual precipitation 100 cm. Animals: Deer, lynx, fox, hare and grizzly bears. Many animals hibernate or migrate to escape the long, cold winter months. - Plants: Coniferous trees (pine tree, fir, evergreens)

12. Coniferous Forest

13. Coniferous Forest

15. TEMPERATE FOREST Deciduous Forest Deciduous trees lose their leaves once each year when weather turns cold. Houston, Texas is in a temperate forest Weather is moderate (Avg. temp. 10° c) Rainfall tends to be heavy (70-105 cm). Animals include deer, black bear, squirrels Oak and hickory trees, grasses and flowering plants grow here.

16. TEMPERATE FOREST (Deciduous Forest) HOUSTON

17. Temperate Forest

18. TROPICAL RAINFOREST Most diverse biome – over 2 million species. Humid, temperature is consistent, (avg. temp. 25 ° c). lots of rain - year round (avg. 200-400 cm/year) Plants: diverse flowers, hard wood trees, medicinal plants and canopy trees. Animals: monkeys, cat like mammals (jaguar), reptiles, sloth and insects.

19. RAINFORESTRAINFOREST

20. RAINFORESTRAINFOREST

21. Tropical Rain Forest Washington State Costa Rica

22. The Amazon River

23. Tropical Savannah Also called prairies or savannahs Good soil, most crops are grown here. Average temperature 15° c. semi-dry biome. Rain Avg. (25-75 cm/year) Plants: Grasses are the main plant life. Animals: antelope, buffalo, giraffes and other large herbivores. Also, lions and cheetahs.

24. Savannah

25. SAVANNAHSAVANNAH

26. DESERT Very hot, dry biomes there is little rainfall (less than 25 cm/year) few types of plants. Vegetation includes cactus and the Joshua tree. Desert animals include snakes and lizards. Animals are nocturnal or live underground or under rocks when the sun is out.

27. Desert

30. Tropical Dry Forest Biome that experiences an annual hard, dry season Precipitation VARIES Mild Temperature, RICH SOIL Many found in Mexico and Central America Plants and trees can survive long periods of little to no precipitation-a leafless period exists and plants/trees have DEEP roots. Vegetation includes: Acacias, Giant Barrel Cactus TREES/GRASSES medium Moderate diversity Animals include: Howler Monkeys, scorpions *Estivation- The summer equivalency of hibernation.

31. Tropical Dry Forest

33. Temperate Grassland Contain some of the world’s most fertile soil. Drought and fire play large roles in keeping trees from taking over the grasslands. Avg. rain 20-35 in/yr (moderate) Temp is HOT Vegetation includes: buffalo grass, Johnson grass (GRASSES dense!) Trees ABSENT Animals include: bison, pronghorns, deer, mice, rabbits, grouse, badgers, skunks, owls, garter snakes, rattle-snakes, red-tailed hawks and prairie dogs.

34. Temperate Grassland

35. Temperate Woodlands Also known as the Mediterranean Biome Summers are hot and dry in interior locations and cooler near the coasts. Their winters are rainy but mild. Poor soil, low diversity Vegetation: Trees and grasses are medium Animals include: Coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, badgers, foxes, small rodents Avg. Rainfall- 27 in/yr growing season about 140 to 200 days

36. Temperate Woodlands

37. Boreal Forest/ Taiga Climate in the taiga is cold, with average annual temperatures from about +5 to -5 degrees C Precipitation varies

38. Boreal Forest/Taiga

39. Aquatic Environments Fresh Water Ecosystems: lakes, ponds, streams, rivers and Wetlands. Marine Ecosystems: intertidal and estuaries photic zone – area of the marine biome where sunlight can penetrate. It is the most productive region. Why? Aphotic zone – the area of the marine biome where sunlight does not penetrate. Animals in this biome are heterotrophic. Why?

40. Ten Major Biomes BiomePrecipitatio n TemperatureSoilDiversityTreesGrasses Tropical Rain Forest highhotpoorhighdensesparse Tropical Dry Forest variablemildrichmoderatemedium Tropical Savanna variablemildclaymoderatesparsedense Desertlowvariablepoormoderatesparse Temperate Grassland moderatesummer hotrichmoderateabsentdense Temperate woodland and Shrubland summer low, winter moderate summer hotpoorlowmedium Temperate Forest moderatesummer moderate, winter cold richhighdensesparse Northwestern Coniferous Forest highsummer mild, winter cold rocky, acidic lowdensesparse Boreal Forestmoderatesummer mild, winter cool poor, acidic moderatedensesparse Tundralowsummer mild, winter cold poorlowabsentmedium