1. The Second Great Awakening Utopias Artistic/Literary Movements

2. Complete the chart as you view this PowerPoint.

3. Introduction A lot going on in the early 19th century
Shift towards industrialization (market economy)
Irish & German immigrants pouring into the country
Enlightenment and Deism
In many ways the reform movement, Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, and the Artistic movements were a reaction to events/thoughts mentioned above.

4. Transcendentalism-What is it
Transcendentalism-What is it? Transcendentalism is a very formal word that describes a very simple idea. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel.
This knowledge comes through intuition and imagination not through logic or the senses. People can trust themselves to be their own authority on what is right. A Transcendentalist is a person who accepts these ideas not as religious beliefs but as a way of understanding life relationships.

5. Romanticism
Also referred to as the Romantic era or the Romantic period was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

6. Romantic poets cultivated individualism, reverence for the natural world, idealism, physical and emotional passion, and an interest in the mystic and supernatural. Romantics set themselves in opposition to the order and rationality of classical and neoclassical artistic precepts to embrace freedom and revolution in their art and politics. German romantic poets Fredrich Schiller
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Faust
British poets Lord Byron-Don Juan
John Keats
French poets
Victor Hugo-The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Miserables
Americans
Walt Whitman-Leaves of Grass Edgar Allen Poe-The Raven
Nathaniel Hawthorne-The Scarlet Letter
Ralph Waldo Emerson-Self-Reliance
The romantic era produced many of the stereotypes of poets and poetry that exist to this day (i.e., the poet as a tortured and melancholy visionary).

7. Effects of Enlightenment on Religion
Thomas Paine’s Age of Reason
Bashed religion
“set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit.”
Deism: belief that there is a God, but that organized religion was nothing but myth
Deists believed that God gave mankind reason to decipher the world around them
Founding Fathers who were deists or suspected to be deists include
Thomas Paine, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin
Unitarianism
Did not believe in the Christian interpretation of God (Jesus was not divine)

8. Second Great Awakening
A reaction to the deism and Unitarianism
Second Great Awakening led to a religious revival
Women were strong supporters of this movement and it inspired them to promote change in America
Temperance, Suffrage, & Abolition
Camp Meetings
Charles Finney
Peter Cartwright

9. Short Answer Response-answer on your handout
How did Deism, the Second Great Awakening, continued denomination fragmentation, and Mormons shape American life?

10. Utopias- The Oneida Community
Read the Makers of America: The Oneida Community
and answer the following prompt in short answer format
What were the fundamental human and social problems that Noyes’s radical ideas attempted to address? Why was he able to put them into practice in Antebellum America?

11. Artistic Achievements
Read part 1 of the following article.

12. John Trumbull- The Declaration of Independence

13. John Trumbull- The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill

14. Thomas Cole- The Oxbow

15. Albert Bierstadt- Yosemite Valley

16. Albert Bierstadt- Lake Tahoe

17. Charles Willson Peale- George Washington and the Battle Princeton

18. Emanuel Leutze- Washington the Crossing the Delaware

19. Sunny Morning on Hudson River-Thomas Cole (1827)

20. American Progress (1872)-John Gast

21. Who supported public education and who didn’t?
List pros and cons regarding Public Education in America Use your textbook and your reformers chart
Who supported public education and who didn’t?
Important Info on Public Education

22. Short Answer Response: Public Education
What educational developments occurred in the 1st half of the 19th century?

23. American Literature National Literature Washington Irving
“Rip Van Winkle”
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”
Herman Melville
Moby Dick
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Scarlet Letter
James Fenimore Cooper
The Last of the Mohicans

24. Transcendentalism A reaction to Enlightenment & Unitarianism
Famous Transcendentalists
Ralph W. Emerson was trained as a Unitarian minister
Encouraged Americans to create a unique and American culture
Henry David Thoreau
Condemned gov’t support of slavery
Walden: Or Life in the Woods
Lived the simple life for two years
Nonviolent approach inspired MLK & Gandhi
Walt Whitman

25. Transcendentalism
“Undoubtedly we have no questions to ask which are unanswerable. We must trust the perfection of creation so to believe that whatever curiosity the order of things has awakened in our mind, the order of things can satisfy.” (Emerson)
“All are needed by each one; Nothing is fair or good alone.” (Emerson)
“Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in. I drink at it; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is.” (Thoreau)
“If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.” (Thoreau)
“There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide.” (Emerson)