1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Chapter 23.2

2. Setting The Stage
Peasants were not the only ones to have the Great Fear.
Nobles and Clergymen feared French society also and responded to the uprisings in an emotional late-night meeting called the National Assembly.
The National Assembly adopted a Declaration of the Rights of Man.

3. Declaration Of The Rights of Man
Reflected the Enlightenment
Men are born and remain free.
Have equal rights.
Freedom of speech and religion.
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, became the slogan of the revolution.

4. Rights Still Did Not Apply To Women
Olympe de Gouges,
Journalist, Playwright.
Wrote “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen.

5. Louis the XVI The ruler at this time is Louis the XVI.
With all the unrest he tries to escape.
He is caught at the French border and brought back.
Recognized from his portrait on some paper money.

6. Conflicting Goals Cause Divisions
National Assembly argued over a new constitution for 2 years.
1791 new constitution completed.
There was a Limited Monarchy.
Legislative Assembly had the power to create law.

7. Different Factions Split France
Despite new government, old problems still arose.
Wanted more freedom, equality and bread.
Government still had huge debt.
This caused the Revolution’s leaders to turn against each other

8. Legislative Assembly Now Has 3 Groups
Radicals
Moderates
Conservatives

9. Radicals
Sat on the left side of the hall; were called left wing and said to be on the left.
Opposed the king and the idea of monarchy.
Wanted sweeping changes in government and proposed that common people have full power in the republic.

10. Moderates Sat in the center of the hall an were called centrists.
Wanted some changes in government, but not as many as the radicals.

11. Conservatives
Sat on the right side of the hall; were called right wing.
Upheld the idea of a limited monarchy.
Wanted few changes in government,

12. The Most Extreme Groups
Émigre’s (belongs to Conservative group)
Sans Culottes (belongs to Radicals)

13. Emigres
The nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprising.
Hoped to undo the revolution and restore the Old Regime’.
On the far right

14. Sans-Culottes On the far left Those without knee breeches.
Wore trousers/pants unlike the upper class.
They were Parisian wage earners and small shop keepers, who wanted a greater voice in government, lower food prices and an end to food shortages.

15. Sans Culottes

16. Sans-culottes? Yes or No

17. War and Extreme Measures
Other European monarchs are afraid of the changes taking place in France, and worried that peasant revolts would break out in their own countries
European monarchs support Louis XVI, and propose that France put Louis back on the throne
France declares war on Austria.
Prussia joins Austria and invades the poorly equipped France.
Prussian commanders threaten to destroy Paris if revolutionaries harm any member of the royal family.
This infuriates Parisians!!!

18. July 25, 1792 Royal palace is invaded by Parisian revolutionaries.
The kings guards are massacred.
Louis, Marie Antoinette, and their children are imprisoned

19. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

20. In 1792, mobs are the real rulers of the country.
Faced with threat of Parisian radicals, the Legislative Assembly gives up the idea of limited monarchy.
A new legislature votes to execute the king.

21. The National Convention
Met in Paris on September 21 and quickly abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.
The delegates reduced King Louis role to that of prisoner, found him guilty of treason and sentenced him to death by guillotine.

22. Louis XVI saying goodbye to his children

23. The Guillotine
Notice the color? It was intentionally red- the color of blood

25. Marie Antoinette Faces Death
Nine months after her husband's execution, Marie Antoinette was herself tried, convicted of treason, and executed by guillotine on 16 October 1793.
As she approached the scaffold, she accidently stepped on the executioner’s foot. Her last words were "Monsieur, I beg your pardon."

26. Dozen of leaders struggle for power.
As Terror Grips France
Dozen of leaders struggle for power.
Maximilien Robespierre slowly gathers control in his hands. He tries to build a Republic of virtue.

27. Reign of Terror Continues
Maximilien created the Committee of Public Safety.
Was it really a Committee of Public Safety?
He decide who was an enemy or friend of the state, often times trying the person in the morning and sending them to the guillotine in the afternoon.

28. Facts of the Reign of Terror
Lasted for 10 months
The guillotine was sometimes referred as Madame Guillotine, or National Razor
Death toll estimates from 16,000 to 40,000
At the height of the Terror, 50 people were being executed each day!
Some reasons for execution? A bartender served sour wine, and another young man chopped down a tree planted in the name of Revolution.

30. End of the Reign of Terror
By July 1794, members of the National Convention knew that none of them would be safe from Maximilien Robespierre and turned on him.
He was sent to the guillotine!
The following year moderate leaders drafted a plan for the government (3rd since 1789).
Power placed firmly into the hands of the upper middle class.

31. Directory
The plan called for a two-house legislation and an executive body of 5 men know as the Directory.
The directory found the right general to command Frances armies. His name was Napoleon Bonaparte.

33. A crazy story about Louis XVI’s son