1. PERSIAN GULF

2. PERSIAN GULF

3. PERSIAN GULF STATES

4. Kuwait Petroleum and oil are main production
Ruler of Kuwait is Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, the Emir
Petroleum and oil are main production
Agriculture and food production is limited; fishing is now more essential
Surrounded by it’s enemy, Iraq, and larger countries, Iran and Saudi Arabia
Invaded by Iraq and taken over in 1990.
Main religion: ISLAM

5. Gulf War ( Kuwait's Perspective)
U.S., Saudi Arabia tells Iraq to leave Kuwait. Hussein ignores them.
U.S. builds up forces in region.
War fought between Iraq and Kuwait
44 days long
Caused by Iraq’s refusal to withdraw from Kuwait
U.S. started a coalition which began a massive air war
Kuwait is liberated
Sheik comes back to rule his badly damaged country

6. Gulf War: Desert Storm

7. Gulf War: Iraqi Surrender

8. The Future of Kuwait and Security Issues
Hussein still claims Kuwait as part of Iraq
Secured by American soldiers and weapons
America has a defense agreement with Kuwait
Ruled by Emir, is a monarchy
Women lost the right to vote and run for office in November

9. IRAQ

10. SADDAM HUSSEIN
chief of state: President SADDAM Hussein (since 16 July 1979);
head of government: Prime
Minister SADDAM Hussein (since 29
May 1994);
Sunni Muslim
1937: Born in Audi, near the city of Tikrit, 200 km north of Baghdad.
Revolutionary Command Council; Chairman SADDAM Hussein

11. Gulf War
Reason: Iraq's occupation and annexation of Kuwait in August & the Iraqi refusal to withdraw from Kuwait before the time limit
August 2Iraq invades Kuwait.
January 17 Allied attack begins with Apache strike at 2:38 A.M.
February 28 Cease-fire takes effect at 8 A.M.
June 8 Victory parade in Washington.
2,300 civilians died during the air campaign.

12. Intended to "liberate" the oil-rich, Khuzistan
IRAN-IRAQ WAR
At the end, the the Iraqi army stood at 1,300,000 soldiers; 4500 tanks; 600 combat aircraft.
Intended to "liberate" the oil-rich, Khuzistan
Lasted 8 years from

13. Hussein vs. Weapons Inspectors
Weapon Inspections
Reason: Iraq surrendered to allied forces in Agreed to give United Nations inspectors access to all facilities the U.N. believed capable of producing weapons of mass destruction.
A special United Nations commission called UNSCOM was created to carry out the task.
Hussein has too many weapons.
Hussayn doesn’t participate very well with the U.N
Hussein vs. Weapons Inspectors

14. Weapons Inspections

15. IRAN

16. IRAN UNDER THE SHAH
Shah was a monarchy that ruled over Iran for 38 years
Under the Shah, Iran was not Islamic by law
Shah considered valuable and powerful ally by US.
Shah were hated by most Iranians because of ties with U.S. and because they were secular.

17. Ayutollah Komeini and 1979 Revolution
Led by Ayatullah Khomeini from outside Iran. He had been expelled by Shah in He sold cassettes of anit-Shah sermons into Iran.
Revolution led other Persian Gulf countries to think they might have a revolution also
Began with small protests and elevated to kick out the Shah.
The Shah fled in 1979.
Afterwards, Khomeini returned to Iran and created the Islamic Republic.

18. IRAN-IRAQ WAR Lasted from 1980-1888 600,000-1,000,000 people killed
Used trench warfare
Able to push back the Iraqis because of population
Ended in a stalemate, which means that nobody won.

19. Khatami Khaminei Khaminei is the religious leader of Iran
He is supported by the military
He wants to be more like Ayatollah Khomenei.
Khatami is the current president of Iran
He was elected in 1997
He wants to be more like the Shah
He has improved freedom of speech and improved Iran’s economics

20. SAUDI ARABIA

21. SAUDI ARABIA THE WAHHABIS
Modern Saudi Arabia founded by Wahhabis, a group of religious desert warriors.
Strict application for Sharia Law, based on Koran, the Sunna.
1802: Wahhabis captured Mecca and founded the capital of Riyadh in 1824.
Abdul Aziz unifies country.

22. The Al Saud Family
1902: Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud captured Riyadh. He captured many territories and proclaimed himself King.
1932: He named his vast realm, Saudi Arabia. After his death in 1953, his eldest son, Saud, became King.
1958: King Saud transferred his legislative and executive powers to the prime minister, his brother, Prince Faisal.

23. SAUDI ARABIA AND IT’S OIL
Saudi Arabia’s vast oil fields bring wealth and foreigners to Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia supplies the U.S. with 1.4 million barrels of oil a day, making Saudi Arabia the world’s most important oil producer.
Saudi Arabia contains 261 billion barrels of proven oil reserves.
Discovery of oil, several places around the Persian Gulf
Largest exporter of the world

24. In the Gulf War SAUDIA ARABIA
S.A. was an ally to Kuwait in war against Iraq.
S.A. contributed more money than soldiers because they were afraid that Iraq would threaten the territory of S.A. Remember: Saudi Arabia and Iraq are boarding countries.
Saudi Government invites American soldiers into country for protection against the Iraqi military threat.
Saudi citizens were very controversial about the idea of having U.S. troops in the holy lands.
Fundamentalists wanted to overthrow Saudi government with terrorism.
There is still terrorism in Saudi Arabia today.

25. THE END