1. In the Post World War II World

3. During and after World War II many Jews immigrated to Palestine During and after World War II many Jews immigrated to Palestine In 1948 the UN created “Israel” by dividing Palestine in half (one Jewish state & one Arab state) In 1948 the UN created “Israel” by dividing Palestine in half (one Jewish state & one Arab state) U.S. recognizes Israel angering MANY Arab nations U.S. recognizes Israel angering MANY Arab nations 1948 An ongoing series of “Arab-Israeli Wars” begins.

4. President Carter coordinates peace between long term enemies Israel and Egypt President Carter coordinates peace between long term enemies Israel and Egypt Israel agrees to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula Israel agrees to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula Egypt recognizes Israel as a country (1 st Arab country to do so) Egypt recognizes Israel as a country (1 st Arab country to do so) 1978

5. Revolution breaks out in Iran Revolution breaks out in Iran Ayatollah Khomeini leads a rebellion against the Shah who was supported by the U.S. Ayatollah Khomeini leads a rebellion against the Shah who was supported by the U.S. Shah is overthrown Shah is overthrown Shah has cancer and travels to U.S. for treatment Shah has cancer and travels to U.S. for treatment Iranians seized American Embassy in Tehran Iranians seized American Embassy in Tehran 52 Americans taken hostage 52 Americans taken hostage Iranians demand return of Shah Iranians demand return of Shah President Carter refuses demands President Carter refuses demands Hostages released in January 1981 Hostages released in January 1981 1979

6. between dictator Somoza and Sandinistas between dictator Somoza and Sandinistas Sandinistas win Sandinistas win President Carter recognizes new government & sends $83 million in aid President Carter recognizes new government & sends $83 million in aid 1981 President Reagan fears Sandinistas have a communist connection 1981 President Reagan fears Sandinistas have a communist connection Reagan supports anti-Sandinista group: Contras Reagan supports anti-Sandinista group: Contras Congress passes Boland Amendment (bans aid to contras) Congress passes Boland Amendment (bans aid to contras) 1986

7. Iran & Iraq engaged in war Iran & Iraq engaged in war U.S. supported Iraq U.S. supported Iraq 1983 Iranian terrorists take 7 Americans hostage 1983 Iranian terrorists take 7 Americans hostage Reagan responds by encouraging Allies to stop selling Iran weapons Reagan responds by encouraging Allies to stop selling Iran weapons 1986 Reagan sells Iran weapons for return of hostages 1986 Reagan sells Iran weapons for return of hostages Reagan passes profit from weapons sales to Contras in Nicaragua Reagan passes profit from weapons sales to Contras in Nicaragua 1987 Congress investigates and members of Reagan’s staff held responsible – Reagan is not 1987 Congress investigates and members of Reagan’s staff held responsible – Reagan is not

8. Iraq in debt because of war with Iran Iraq in debt because of war with Iran In August 1990, Saddam invaded oil rich Kuwait & moves toward Saudi Arabia In August 1990, Saddam invaded oil rich Kuwait & moves toward Saudi Arabia together, Kuwait & Saudi Arabia possess 50% of all known oil reserves together, Kuwait & Saudi Arabia possess 50% of all known oil reserves American oil supply threatened American oil supply threatened U.S. launches Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait U.S. launches Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait air assault launched in January 1991 air assault launched in January 1991 February 28, 1991 cease-fire announced February 28, 1991 cease-fire announced Kuwait liberated Kuwait liberated UN forces have less than 400 casualties UN forces have less than 400 casualties Over 100,000 Iraqi casualties Over 100,000 Iraqi casualties Iraq forced to stop production of biological, chemical, & nuclear weapons – U.N. has the right to inspect Iraq forced to stop production of biological, chemical, & nuclear weapons – U.N. has the right to inspect 1990

10. After September 11, U.S. declares “War Against Terror” After September 11, U.S. declares “War Against Terror” It is believed that Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda are being supported by the Afghani government (Taliban) It is believed that Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda are being supported by the Afghani government (Taliban) U.S. begins bombing Afghanistan U.S. begins bombing Afghanistan Taliban are removed from power & democratic elections are held in Afghanistan Taliban are removed from power & democratic elections are held in Afghanistan Osama is killed in 2011 but al-Qaeda is still spread throughout the Middle East & world Osama is killed in 2011 but al-Qaeda is still spread throughout the Middle East & world U.S. currently maintains a military presence in Afghanistan (Taliban have re-emerged in parts of Afghanistan and in Pakistan) U.S. currently maintains a military presence in Afghanistan (Taliban have re-emerged in parts of Afghanistan and in Pakistan) 2001

11. In 1990s Iraq breaks cease-fire agreement from Persian Gulf War – will not allow U.N. inspectors full access In 1990s Iraq breaks cease-fire agreement from Persian Gulf War – will not allow U.N. inspectors full access U.S. fears Iraq supporting terrorists U.S. fears Iraq supporting terrorists U.S. & Britain order Saddam to comply with inspectors & he refuses U.S. & Britain order Saddam to comply with inspectors & he refuses As part of the “War on Terror” coalition forces invade in March 2003 As part of the “War on Terror” coalition forces invade in March 2003 By April, Saddam defeated, but in hidingBy April, Saddam defeated, but in hiding December 2003 Saddam captured December 2003 Saddam captured Saddam was put on trial, found guilty for crimes against humanity and executed (hanged) Saddam was put on trial, found guilty for crimes against humanity and executed (hanged) U.S. troops maintain occupation in attempt to help build a democracy & rebuild the country U.S. troops maintain occupation in attempt to help build a democracy & rebuild the country 2003

12. As of May 30, 2014 Operation Iraqi Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom American deaths = 4,423 (only 1 new death since 2012) American deaths = 4,423 (only 1 new death since 2012) Iraqi deaths = 100,000 – 1,000,000 Iraqi deaths = 100,000 – 1,000,000 Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) American deaths = 2,184 (about 91 new deaths since 2013) American deaths = 2,184 (about 91 new deaths since 2013)