1. Persian Gulf 1990-Present Persian Gulf Operation Desert Shield Operation Desert Storm Operation Iraqi Freedom

2. Persian Gulf Iraq invades Kuwait on August 2, 1990 Saddam Hussein believes that Kuwait is historically part of Iraq. However, that is only part of the reason.

3. Persian Gulf

5. So, Why the invasion of Kuwait? Reason #1 Iraq has had claims upon Kuwait from as far back as 1902, 1938, and 1961. However, it had never turned to war until now.

6. Persian Gulf Reason #2 After the Iran-Iraq war, Iraq leased two Kuwaiti islands of Bubayan and Warbah. Kuwait demanded an Iraqi recognition of the borders. Iraq disagreed. Emir Jaber Al-Ahmed of Kuwait didn’t get a good reception on the border issue in Baghdad. Consequently,

7. Persian Gulf Reason #3 Kuwait demanded the repayment of the $12 billion war debt that Iraq incurred during the Iran-Iraq War. Iraq refused and began to criticize Kuwait’s overproduction of oil that contributed to the 30% decline of oil prices reaching $14 a barrel. As a result,

8. Persian Gulf Reason #4 Tareq Aziz, accused Kuwait in a July 16 letter to the Arab League of stealing oil from the Rumaila oilfield on the border between the two states.

9. Gulf War Personalities Emir Jabir of Kuwait President George Bush

10. Gulf War Personalities King Fahd of Saudi Arabia

11. Gulf War Personalities Saddam Hussein Iraqi Tariq Aziz Iraqi President Foreign Minister

12. Persian Gulf Chronology Of the Invasion 7/25/90---U..S. ambassador to Iraq April Glaspie tells Hussein that the U.S. has “no opinion on Inter-Arab affairs, like your border dispute with Kuwait” 8/2/90----Iraq invades Kuwait 8/2/90----U.N. Security Council adopts Resolution 660, Iraqi to withdraw from Kuwait. 8/4/90----President Bush called King Fahd to warn that Iraqi troops were massed along the Saudi border. 8/6/90----King Fahd agreed to receive American troops in his country. On the same day the U.N. adopts Resolution 661, which imposed economic sanctions on Iraq. Operation Desert Shield BIG ISSUE! WHY? 8/8/90----Iraq annexes Kuwait

13. Persian Gulf Chronology of the Invasion 8/9/90----The U.N. with Resolution 662 declares the Iraq’s annexation of Kuwait invalid. 8/25/90---United Nations Resolution 665 military interdiction authorized. 11/29/90-United Nations Resolution 678 “Iraq refuses to comply with its obligation to implement resolution 660 and the above-mentioned subsequent relevant resolutions, in flagrant contempt of the Security Council.” The Security Council will authorize the use of force if Iraq does not withdraw from Kuwait by midnight Jan. 15 1991.

14. Persian Gulf Operation Desert Storm Operation Desert Shield becomes Desert Storm on January 16, 1991 at 6:38 p.m. Airland Battle—U.S. policy of using overwhelming force to achieve a quick victory Four Phase War Plan—Adopted on August 25, 1990 1) Air campaign against Iraq itself. 2) Air campaign against Iraqi forces in Kuwait 3) Destruction of the Iraqi Republican Guard forces in S. Iraq 4) Ground attack to eject the Iraqi forces out of Kuwait

15. Persian Gulf Operation Desert Storm “The liberation of Kuwait has begun.” U.S. press secretary Marlin Fitzwater January 16—U.S. forces attack Baghdad, Kuwait, and other military targets in Iraq. The U.S. had 540,331 personnel located in Saudi Arabia. The ground war starts on Feb. 24 and ends Feb. 28, 1991.