1. Chapter 12
Discussion Questions

2. Rival Plans for Reconstruction
12.1
Rival Plans for Reconstruction

3. What does it mean?
How does this famous quotation from Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural address show the goals of his plans for Reconstruction?

4. Lincoln’s words March 4, 1865
“With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” – Second Inaugural Address

5. What does it mean?
How does this famous quotation from Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural address show the goals of his plans for Reconstruction?

6. How much did the war age the president?
What do you notice about the change of his physical features in such a short time?

7. Lincoln’s 10% Plan (5 Points)
10% of voters of a state take a loyalty oath to the Union the could set up a new government
State needs to abolish slavery and provide education for African-Americans = regain representation in Congress
Grant pardons to former Confederate Generals
Compensation for lost property
No requirement for social and political equality for African-Americans

8. Wade – Davis Bill (2 main differences)
Radical Republicans are a faction that want to severely punish the South
Majority of former Confederate stare’s voters must swear a loyalty oath to the Union.
Guarantee of equality for African-Americans
What does Lincoln do to the bill?

9. An important note
This is the beginning of a battle between the Executive and Legislative Branch for control of not only Reconstruction but overall power.

10. Government aids Freedom
What was the Freedman’s Bureau’s goal?
What were some actual things it did?

11. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Offers pardons and land restoration to former Confederates = loyalty oath
States ratify 13th Amendment
Draft a Constitution that abolishes Slavery
What was his reasoning behind the pardons?
What were his views on and goals for African-Americans?

12. Southerners aim to restore old ways
How did the Southern state conventions cause controversy?
What were the Black Codes and what were some examples?

13. Congress fights back
What happens when Southern reps arrive in Washington DC?
What part of Congress’ Freedman’s Bureau plan leads to Johnson’s veto?
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866? What happened to it?

14. Radical reconstruction
Let’s look at the quotation on P. 406
The mid-term election of 1866 swings the make-up of Congress. The Radicals create a coalition that gives them a 2/3 majority in both houses. The battle for control begins!

15. Radical Reconstruction
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 (4 parts)
1. Divides South into 5 military districts
2. Sets up standards for state governments and recognition
3. New state constitutions guarantee suffrage for African-Americans
4. State must ratify the 14th Amendment

16. Johnsons impeachment (Turn to a partner)
Why was he impeached?
Let’s Review.
1. What are 2 parts to the 14th Amendment?
2. What did the 15th Amendment do?

17. Radical reconstruction
14th Amendment (4 points)
1. Equal protection under the law
2. No voting rights for African – Americans equals lost representation in the House.
3. Bars Confederates from holding federal or state offices
4. Also grants citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil

18. We will do this in a chart with a partner.
12.2
We will do this in a chart with a partner.

19. The End of Reconstruction
12.3
The End of Reconstruction

20. The Nation Consdiers other Matters
U.S. Grants becomes President in 1868 but his administration was known for corruption.
Who was “Boss” Tweed?
Bank failures lead to economic depression (1873)

21. Why did Reconstruction end?
Why did Northern support evaporate?
Supreme Court Cases
1) Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) – What was the main ruling?
2) USA v. Cruikshank (1875)

22. Why did Reconstruction end?
How did Southern Whites regain power and supress African-American rights?
Who were the redeemers?

23. The “Stolen” Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes v.
Samuel Tilden

24. Rutherford B. Hayes Republican His opponent was Samuel J. Tilden(Dem)
Hayes was considered the underdog in this election

25. The Election Results There are 39 states in the Union.
There is a total of 369 Electoral Votes
The majority needed was 185
Tilden has 184 electoral votes
Hayes has 165
20 electoral votes are disputed
4 states are Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon

27. The Decision
Congress sets up a special commission to decide the election
5 US House Members, 5 Senators, and 5 Supreme Court Justices
They vote on party lines - 8 Republicans and 7 Democrats means Hayes won

28. The Deal
The federal troops would leave the South along with an end to Reconstruction.*
Federal money sent to the South for a railroad and to improve rivers and harbors
A conservative Southern Democrat would serve in Hayes’ cabinet.