1. Fragments & Clauses

2. Clauses A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb SubjectVerb Youstink. Sally is talking. SubjectVerbIhategrammar Sally is talking loudly wMost clauses have further information after the verb

3. Two Types of Clauses Independent clause (Main clause) Can stand alone as a sentence Can be joined to another clause Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder. Dependent clause (Subordinate clause) Cannot stand alone as a sentence Must be joined to an independent clause Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers. A word that joins clauses is a conjunction

4. Joining Clauses A dependent clause can be joined to an independent clause to make a sentence Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder because he wanted to make his own firecrackers. Or Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers, Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder. When the sentence starts with the dependent clause, it must have a comma before the independent clause

5. Fragments Fragments look like sentences but are missing a subject or a verb, or they are put together incorrectly. FragmentError Told everyone to get out of the way. No subject Disposable lighter in his hand. No verb Before he lit the fuse. A dependent clause by itself

6. Correcting Fragments Subjects or verbs can be added Fragments can be joined together All of the following are correct With his disposable lighter in his hand, he told everyone to get out of the way. Then he lit the fuse. Pulling out his disposable lighter, Fred told everyone to get out of the way before he lit the fuse. He pulled out his disposable lighter. Fred told everyone to get out of the way and then he lit the fuse.

7. Are the following correct sentences or fragments? I was late for class. As we wait for the rain to stop. She goes to Centennial College. Go away! Until you eat your vegetables. They plan to visit Nova Scotia this summer. Even though I was tired. While working the night shift. For example, hockey and skating. After she finished her essay. Provided that you pass the exam. Before you leave. Mr. Jones had a picnic with his wife. Plays the flute very well. The cute little kitten. The sink was full of dishes. Mary went shopping at the mall. Searched every corner of the house. I am excited!