1. The Greek Roots of Democracy Chapter 1 lesson 1
H-SS analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual.
H-SS Trace the development of Western Political ideas of the rule of law and illegitimacy of tyranny, using selections from Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Politics

3. Vocabulary City- State Monarchy Sparta Athens Democracy Tyrant
legislature
.political unit made up of city and surrounding areas. 2. King or Queen. 3. military city-state. 4. where democracy first took root. 5. gain power by force.6. lawmaking body

4. Vocabulary Pericles Jury Socrates Plato Aristotle
1.Athenian Statesman.2. panel of citizens who make final judgement.3.Philosopher. 4. student of Aristotle. 5. preferred government of the many.

6. Location and Geography
Greece lies at the southern end of the Balkan peninsula, surrounded by the Mediterranean
Geography influenced history.
Mountainous terrain restricted overland travel and limited farming
They became thinkers, writers and artists

7. Rise of Greek City-States
Classical Greece began around the year 500 B.C.
Began as isolated city-states
700B.C. lack of fertile land prompted Greeks to seek land overseas
Colonies appeared along the Mediterranean from Spain to Egypt
They brought their ideas about literature, arts and government

8. Governing City-States
City-State was called the polis
City was built on 2 levels. On the hilltop was the acropolis (high city) with marble temples. On the flat ground was the marketplace, theater, public, buildings and homes.
Population was small. Citizens shared responsibility.

10. 750-500 B.C. First a king ruled the polis
Power shifted to noble landowners
They were military defenders
As trade expanded a new class of wealthy merchants emerged.

11. Changes in Warfare: Sparta
The defense of the city-state fell to the ordinary citizens
Sparta became a military state
At the age of 7 boys began training for a life in the army
Girls were expected to produce healthy sons for the army

13. Spartan Government Consisted of 2 kings and a council to advise kings
An assembly made up of citizens approved major decisions
Citizens were male, native-born, over the age of 30

14. Athens: A limited democracy
Athens was Northeast of Sparta
Here the idea of democracy first took root
Around 700 BC nobles made decisions
Citizens became resentful
594 BC the wise ruler Solon made changes

16. Solon Outlawed debt slavery Freed existing debt slaves
Opened offices to more citizens
Ensured fairness and justice
Citizenship remained limited
Unrest led to the rise of tyrants

17. Pisistratus/Cleisthenes
Pisistratus was a tyrant who gave farmers and poor citizens more power.
Cleisthenes set up a council of 500 chosen by lot from citizens to prepare laws and supervise government, a legislature
Democracy was limited

18. Age of Pericles
B.C.
Athenians participated in direct democracy. Citizens took direct part in day-to-day affairs
6,000 members had to be present to decide on important issues
Pericles felt rich and poor should participate, so he paid men who held public office

19. Greek Philosophers
Greeks had confidence in the power of the human mind
They used observation and reason to determine why things happened
The Greeks called the thinkers “philosophers” which means “lovers of wisdom”

20. Moral and Ethic Principles
Ethics and morality concern the idea of goodness and the establishment of standards of human behavior
For example, how people should dress and how government should run

21. Sophists In Athens Sophists questioned accepted ideas
Morals and ethics are simply opinions, not principles
Success was more important
For a fee they would teach the art of persuasion

22. Socrates
Roamed the market place asking people “What is for the greatest good?”
He posed a series of questions to his students and challenged them to examine their answers.
This would help them to seek truth and self knowledge

24. Socrates When he was 70 he was put on trial
He was accused of corrupting the youth and failing to respect the gods
He was condemned to death by a jury
He was a defender of the democratic process and wouldn’t escape.
Then individual should submit to the needs of the state.
He drank a cup of hemlock tea.

25. Plato The execution of Socrates left him with a distrust of democracy
He left Athens for 10 years
When he returned he set up the Academy
He taught and wrote about his ideas
Through rational thought people could learn how to best organize society

27. Plato Wrote the Republic Rejected Athenian Democracy
State should regulate every aspect of citizens lives
Believed in equality at birth, but that people can rise only as high as their abilities would allow.

28. Plato’s ideal society Three class society
-workers to produce the necessities of life
-soldiers to defend the state
-philosophers to rule

29. Aristotle Plato’s student Analyzed all forms of government
Found good and bad in all
Suspicious of democracy, thought it could lead to mob rule
Favored a constitutional government ruled by middle class

31. Aristotle’s Polity Government ruled by middle class
Goal is to establish just and stable rule
Believed that within the city-state people could reach their full potential and achieve the good life
Rulers should be subject to the law

32. Aristotle’s school The Lyceum Studies included Politics Ethics Logic
Biology
Literature
And many others
These were the basis for the modern universities that would emerge 1500 years later

33. Alexander Aristotle left Athens when Plato died He moved to Macedonia
Began tutoring the king’s 13 year old son, Alexander
Alexander took throne after his father died, he was 2o years old
Alexander’s army conquered area all the way to the Indus river.

35. Alexander the Great He dies 4 years after establishing his empire
His generals split up the empire
The empire crumbled
Greek traders and soldiers settled in the cities he established

36. Hellenistic civilization
It is a blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences
During the Hellenistic Age , Rome began to emerge as a powerful new state
Rome would replace Greece as the dominant Mediterranean culture
Greek ideas about law, freedom, government and justice influenced thinking to the present day.