1. The 1850s:
Road to
The Civil War

2. 1. The Causes of the Civil War
Sectionalism-it means having a greater loyalty to their own section(North, South, West) than to the country as a whole.
Slavery
States’ Rights – that each state had the power to reject a federal law or leave the Union if it wished.

3. 2. THE SPECIFIC EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Law
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scott Decision
John Brown’s raid
Election of Abraham Lincoln

4. 3. What is the Missouri Compromise?
In order to keep a balance between free
and slave state they balanced – one
free/one slave
Missouri was let in as a slave state
Maine was let in as a free state
It prohibited slavery in the lands of the Louisiana Territory that were north of the 36 30’ latitude line.

5. Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850

6. 4. What is the Compromise of 1850?
A. Admitted California as a free state.
B. Passed the Fugitive Slave Law.

7. Compromise of 1850

8. 5. What is the Fugitive Slave Law?
Law that required northern citizens to help catch runaway slaves.

9. 6. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Nebraska Territory was divided into two territories. Each would vote(popular sovereignty) to to be free or slave states.

10. 7. What was the violence between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups called?
“Bleeding Kansas”

11. Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

12. 8. After his owner died, what did Dred Scott do?
He took his case to court to get His freedom.

13. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

14. 9. What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott v
9. What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott v. Sandford court case?
A. They declared that African-Americans were not citizens so could not bring cases to the Supreme Court.
B. Declared slaves to be property, so the rest of the family would inherit him.

15. 10. What did abolitionist John Brown do?
To help free the slaves he led a revolt that seized weapons at a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia

16. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

17. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

18. 11. What happened in the raid on Harper’s Ferry?
Virginia Military lead by Robert E. Lee surrounded the federal arsenal and after short shoot out John Brown’s crew was forced to surrender.
The uprising was quickly crushed and they captured John Brown.

19. 12. What happened to John Brown?
He was hanged.

20. 13. What was the affect of John Brown’s death?
John Brown became a hero and example to northern abolitionists.

21. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

22. 14. Who was running for president in 1860?
A. Stephen Douglas
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. John Breckinridge
D. John Bell
Which one did Lincoln travel around the country debating?
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

23. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

25. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

26. The Election of 1860

28. 15. Who won the election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln

29. 16. When Lincoln won, which state was the 1st to secede from the Union?
South Carolina

30. 17. What happened at Ft. Sumter?
The Confederacy took control of Ft. Sumter from the Union. It was the first battle in the Civil War.

32. 18. What did the secession start?
The Civil War

35. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

36. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
organized 2 new federal territories
repealed section of Missouri Compromise
prohibiting slavery in states/territories north of 36º 30’ latitude
people decide (popular sovereignty)
“Bleeding Kansas”

37. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South
Change in 2 party system
Democrats & Whigs
Democrats (dough faces)
needed northern candidate to win because of the number of southerners
F. Pierce 1852, J. Buchanan 1856, Douglas ?
Whigs
Kansas & Nebraska Act killed party divided sectionally
North & South too far apart on slavery issue to hold party together

38. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South
Change in 2 party system
Democrats & Whigs
Whigs & Free Soilers = Republicans
* only a northern party
tolerate slavery in south
unwilling to accept it's expansion
demand that the Kansas & Nebraska Act be repealed
central railroad (rather than northern as Douglas proposed)
Homestead Act - western lands to families to settle 160 acres

39. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South
Dred Scott Decision 1857
Southern dominated court
Slaves were property
"congress could not ban slavery from territories”
Chief Justice Roger Taney

40. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South
The Election of 1860
Aggressive movements of pro slave movement
frightened north
Hardened resistance in North
intensified southern insecurity
South demands - congressional slave codes

41. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the South
The Election of 1860
Freeport Doctrine
legislation to protect slave property in north
Lead to a division of the Democratic Party
Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas
appealed to North & South but ambiguous
Southern Democrats - John Breckenridge
Appealed to south - popular sovereignty
Republicans - Abraham Lincoln
Constitutional Union Party - John Bell

42. The Election of 1860

43. LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR Events Leading to the Secession of the South
Political Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise
Gag Rule
Compromise of 1850
Wilmot Proviso
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
Dred Scot Decision 1857
Election of 1860

44. LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR Events Leading to the Secession of the South
The Confederate States of America
Causes Leading to the Civil War

45. The Confederate States of America

46. Leading to a Civil War
The Confederate States of America
Constitution 1787 ( states ratified - 4 didn't)
established government
Constitution states that states can't coin money and can’t maintain an army but can they secede?
Southern Position held that the Constitution did not automatically bind states
Individual States first then United
STATES UNITED

47. Leading to a Civil War Individual States first . . . then United
The Confederate States of America
Individual States first then United
STATES UNITED
11 southern states seceded and formed their own country
North says no you can't leave = 4 long years of fighting
CIVIL (internal) War - settle question about whether a state can succeed
Pre Civil War The United States are
Post Civil War The United States is

48. Leading to a Civil War The Confederate States of America
Radicals - fire eaters
South Carolinians since Nullification Controversy
South Carolina state convention Dec 20, 1860
repeal ratification of federal constitution
6 weeks later MI, Fl, GA, Al, LA, TX succeed
Delegates to Montgomery Alabama
organized themselves as the C.S. of A.
Jefferson Davis - President ( Mississippi)

49. LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR Events Leading to the Secession of the South
The Confederate States of America
Causes Leading to the Civil War

50. Leading to a Civil War 1. Conspiracy President Country
Causes Leading to A Civil War
1. Conspiracy
President Country
North Lincoln USA
South J. Davis CSA
Each side felt the other was conspiring against the other
Laws & measures that inhibited the south - DAVIS
Congress controlled by north
North doesn't want to control south - south wants
to expand into the west LINCOLN
Each side didn't trust in an economic or political sense

51. Leading to a Civil War 2. Constitutional
Causes Leading to A Civil War
2. Constitutional
UNITED STATES VS. STATES UNITED
South - separate individual states form the union
since states formed the union they can opt out
North - the union created the states by the constitution
If the union is dissolved there is nothing
LINCOLN WAS FIGHTING TO SAVE THE UNION NOT TO FREE THE SLAVES (a political move)
Lincoln was a federalist & constitutionalist

52. Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War
3. Growth of Slavery
South had 4 million slaves
Slave owners 25%
17 % 1-9 slaves
7% slaves
.1% 100+
very few had large plantations
small minority of controlling whites controlled southern society
Labor intensive agricultural society
slaves imported because can't get enough whites to do the labor

53. Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War 3. Slavery
Davis - the Blacks have a better condition under the superior White race
“docile savages to bodily comforts and religious instruction”
Lincoln - not in favor of bringing about the social or economic equality of Negroes “There must be the position of inferior/superior”
Lincoln 1858
Lincoln was a product of his own culture
Freeing of slaves not a matter of equality!!!
Yet he was against the concept of slavery
SAVE THE UNION

54. Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War 4. Economic Labor
South - free labor North - paid labor
Tariffs
North wanted to protect their products artificial inflation of imports
South faced reciprocal tariffs when they exported their agricultural products
South Against High Tariffs
North Against Free Labor

55. Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War 4. Economic
North passes laws in congress because of an imbalance in voting power
19 Free States
15 Slave States

56. Leading to a Civil War Causes Leading to A Civil War
5. Nature of a Republic
What is a Republic?
Representative Democracy
Freedom to choose
South choose to leave under this freedom
Under another system this would not have happened!

57. Leading to a Civil War
" it presents the question whether discontented individuals too few in numbers to control administration according to organic law in any case, can always upon the pretenses made in this case, or on any other pretense, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness? Must a government, of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people or too weak to maintain its own existence?"
Lincoln - July 4, 1861
following Ft. Sumter

58. Leading to a Civil War
“our heritage depends on inherent weakness of a republic to strong to maintain liberties yet too weak to maintain its existence”.
Abraham Lincoln

59. Leading to a Civil War Events leading to the Secession of the Sou
Sucession
"to withdraw formally from a union or alliance”
Southern individual states nullified their ratification of the U.S. constitution

60. Leading to a Civil War Conspiracy Constitutional Slavery Economic
Causes Leading to the Civil War
Conspiracy
Constitutional
Slavery
Economic
Nature of a Republic
Colonial Am Nation Civil War
Civil War 265 years since beginnings of our country

61. LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR Events Leading to the Secession of the South
The Confederate States of America
Causes Leading to the Civil War

62. Instructor: Carol Jean Cox
Leading to a Civil War
Instructor: Carol Jean Cox

63. The Process of Secession