1. The Spread of Islam
Chapter 11 section 2

2. Section Review
Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were _______ _______ called bedouins
The bedouins were separated into tribes what were the leaders of these tribes called?
Why was Mecca so important?
Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers because it was _________
Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship at the Kaaba- a stone building filled with idols
What and became the first base of Islam?

3. Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar
When Muhammad died in AD 632 his followers chose Abu Bakr as his successor
{He was a friend of Muhammad and one of his earliest converts and was given the title of Caliph
Caliph means successor to the prophet
Abu Bakr was able to bring the Arabic tribes together and expand Islam's influence Northward }
Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as Caliph and expansion continued
Within 25 years of Muhammad's death the Muslim empire included parts of Syria, Persia and N Africa

4. Islamic Canvas Art

5. Continued
{The Arabs were often more tolerant of other religions than other conquerors}
They did not demand that people convert to Islam
They called Christians and Jews “the people of the book” and accepted the Bible and Torah as part of gods teachings
They had the choice to convert or pay taxes and if they chose not to do either they were killed
The Caliphs after Umar continued the expansion

6. Islamic Community divides
From the time Muhammad died the Islamic community could not agree on who should be the next caliph
Eventually this led to a split in the Muslim community
There was a disagreement when Uthman was killed and Ali was chosen to take over
Uthman’s relative Mu awiyah (mooh-AH-wee-ya) accused Ali of helping the killers and war broke out between the two.
Ali was killed and Mu awiyah became Caliph

7. Sunni Mosque

8. The split
Most Muslims agreed to accept Mu awiyah as Caliph, eventually becoming known as the Sunni Muslims
Ali’s followers insisted that only Ali’s decedents should be Caliph
They became known as the Shi’ah which make up less than 10% of the Muslim population
Another smaller group called {the Sufi turned away from worldly possessions and focus on god}

9. The Empire continues to Spread
Despite the split the Muslim faith continued to spread into North Africa and Spain
The Muslims that settled in Spain became known as the Moors
The Moors tried to take France but the Franks defeated the Moors and they retreated back to Spain
The era of Muslim expansion lasted until the 1100’s then the Turks became the ruling force in Islam

11. The Turks and Islam
The Turks were tough nomadic people that herded as much as they fought and raided
They developed a warlike culture that encouraged expansion and conquest
Through this expanding they came in contact with the Muslim faith and many converted and settled around the Muslim city of Baghdad
They served the caliph as troops
They supported Islamic laws but a sultan ruled the Turks and {power shifted away from the caliph as the Turks gained power}

12. Part of an Ancient Baghdad Mosque

13. Continued
The Caliph played a symbolic role but later the Turks won control of Baghdad
They then became the dominant force in the Islamic world
Eventually the Turkish Muslims seized Syria, Mesopotamia and much of Asia minor
They attacked the Byzantines and won some battles against them
The Turkish Muslims raided northern India and because they were good at fighting on horseback they soon took that area as well

14. Turkish fall
Outside forces slowed Turkish Muslim expansion in 1250 A.D.
Christians form the West captured cities from the Turks in a series of wars
Around the same time Mongols destroyed Baghdad

15. Have a good day!