1. Muhammad and the rise of Islam

2. Nomadic Tribes Arabian tribes nomadic
Never settled in one spot
Few areas near water that became settled
Trade Caravans-traveled between settlements
Often attacked
Most Arab tribes were polytheistic

3. Muhammad Muhammad Started the religion of Islam Muslim
Follower of Islam
Believed to be a prophet of God (Allah)
The same God worshiped by Christians and Jews

4. Muhammad
Gabriel
The angle that told Muhammad he was a messenger of Allah
Threats to his life forced him out of Mecca (his home town)
Hegira
His flight from Mecca
Gabriel took him to Jerusalem, where he ascended to heaven

5. Mecca- contains the Kaaba
Koran
The words that Muhammad spoke
Equivalent to Christians Bible
Mecca- contains the Kaaba
Box that contains religious artifacts
Muslims look towards Mecca when they pray

6. Five Pillars of Islam Faith Prayer Alms Proclaim faith to Islam
Pray 5 times a day
Alms
Give to the needy

7. Fasting
Eat and drink nothing between sunrise and sunset for a whole month
Pilgrimage
Make a journey to Mecca once in their lifetime

8. Islam and Society Islamic Holy Law (Sharia)
Detailed guidance on proper behavior
Based on the teachings of the Quran
Law of the government

9. Jihad Jihad- means “struggle” Many interpretations Combat evil
Defeat nonbelievers by spreading the religion
Wage war against nonbelievers and people who threaten them

10. Growth of Islam Polytheistic tribes often attacked Muslims
After winning battles people start to convert
People thought God was on their side

11. After Muhammad’s Death
632 C.E.- Abu Bakr 1st Caliph (leader of Islam)
Close friend and follower of Muhammad
Began expansion of Islamic Empire
Religion & resources
Umar- 2nd Caliph
Expanded territory
Uthman- 3rd Caliph

12. Split in Islam Dispute over next caliph caused split in Islam
Sunni and Shia
Shia- wanted Ali (son-in-law) and his decedents to be caliphs

13. Conquest of the Muslims
Ottoman Empire
Extremely strong Muslim empire
Almost conquered Europe
Believed they were fighting a jihad
Jihad
Holy war against non-believers
Constantinople stopped their spread into Europe

14. Muslim Sciences First chemists were Muslim
Discovered how to diagnose and treat smallpox
Invented Algebra