1. Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7
Vocab Review

2. Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs
Differentiation OR cell specialization
Idea that all living things are made of
Cells, cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things, and new cells
are produced by existing cells
Cell theory

3. cell Log-like structures that pull the
Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life
cell
Log-like structures that pull the
chromosomes apart during cell division
in animal cells
centrioles

4. Membrane stacks found inside chloroplasts where the enzymes
Sac of digestive enzymes used by cells to break down food, cell parts, or whole cells
lysosomes
Membrane stacks found inside
chloroplasts where the enzymes
for photosynthesis are found
thylakoids

5. Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material
nucleus
Stack of membranes in cells that
modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the ER for transport
Golgi body (apparatus)

6. Describes molecules that try to stay away from water…
DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells
chromatin
Describes molecules that try to
stay away from water…
means “water fearing”
hydrophobic

7. ATP Nucleotide molecules used by cells to store and transfer energy
Membrane protein with sugars
attached that help cells identify “self”
glycoproteins

8. Molecule with a polar head and two hydrophobic tails used to
DNA with proteins attached that is scrunched up into compact bodies in the nucleus of dividing cells
chromosomes
Molecule with a polar head and
two hydrophobic tails used to
make cell membranes
phospholipid

9. vacuole Space used to store water, food, molecules, enzymes, or waste
Many, small hair-like structures made
of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
that extend from the surface of cells
and help in movement
cilia

10. Network of microtubules and microfilaments that give the
Dark spot in the cell nucleus where RNA for ribosomes is made
Nucleolus
Network of microtubules and
microfilaments that give the
cell shape and support it
cytoskeleton

11. Gel-like material and the organelles
Organism whose cells have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes
eukaryote
Gel-like material and the organelles
found between the nucleus and cell
membrane
cytoplasm

12. Double membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus
Nuclear envelope
OR nuclear membrane
Small particles that make proteins
ribosomes

13. Power plant of the cell that burns glucose and stores the energy
Membrane system without ribosomes attached involved in lipid synthesis, calcium regulation, and the break down of toxins
Smooth ER
Power plant of the cell that burns
glucose and stores the energy
released in ATP
mitochondria

14. Folded inner membrane inside a mitochondrion
cristae
System of membranes with
ribosomes attached where proteins
are produced and modified
Rough ER

15. Organelle where photosynthesis happens
chloroplast
Bilayer made of phospholipids
and proteins which surrounds all
cells and controls what enters
and leaves
Cell membrane

16. Molecule with an uneven pattern of charges… slightly positive on
Double layer formed when phospholipids
line up with their hydrophillic heads to
the outside and their hydrophobic tails
toward the center
bilayer
Molecule with an uneven pattern
of charges… slightly positive on
one side, slightly negative on
the other
polar

17. Small structure inside eukaryotic cells which carries out a specific function
organelle
Unicellular organism that does NOT have a nucleus and or organelles surrounded by membranes
prokaryote

18. A living thing composed of many organ systems
organism
Structure found outside the
cell membrane that provides
support and protection
Cell wall

19. Polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that makes them sturdy
cellulose
Molecule made by joining amino
acid subunits that is used to
make cell membranes
protein

20. Molecule used to build bacterial cell walls instead of cellulose
peptidoglycan
Programmed cell death;
“cell suicide”
apoptosis

21. Small openings in the nuclear membrane that allow molecules
A few, long hair-like structures made
of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
that extend from the surface of cells
and help in movement
flagella
Small openings in the nuclear
membrane that allow molecules
to pass through
Nuclear pores

22. Organism made of many cells
A group of similar cells working together
tissue
Organism made of many cells
multi-cellular

23. Group of different organs working together
organ system
Protein found in cell membranes
which helps molecules get across
the membrane
Carrier protein