1. Their Structures and Functions
Cell Organelles
Their Structures and Functions

2. Prokaryotic Bacteria Cell

3. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

4. Eukaryotic Animal Cell

5. Body Cell

6. Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Structure - The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell
Function(s) - Regulates movement of molecules into and out of cells; semipermeable
Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells

7. Structure - Gelatinous aqueous fluid that fills the cell
Function(s)
- Suspends the organelles within the cell
- Fills the cell and gives it shape
- Allows nutrients to move about the cell
Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells
Cytosol (Cytoplasm – the cytosol and all the organelles within the cell)

8. Nucleus
Structure - The most prominent organelle, surrounded by a double membrane perforated with pores
Function(s)
- Regulates all cell activities
- Contains the DNA of the cell
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

9. Nucleolus Structure - Small circular structure(s) within nucleus
Function(s) -Synthesis and partial assembly of ribosomes
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

10. Nuclear Envelope
Structure - Double membrane with pores surrounding the nucleus
Function(s) - Regulates movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

11. Chromatin (DNA)
Structure - Fine strands of genetic information (DNA and protein); coils to form chromosomes
Function(s)
- Contains the code that directs most cell activities
- DNA’s code is the instructions for making proteins
Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells

12. Mitochondria
Structure - A peanut-shaped organelle which has a double membrane. The inner membrane has many folds.
Function(s) – Performs cellular respiration; generates ATP (the energy the cell needs to run)
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

13. Ribosomes
Structure - Dot-like organelles attached to the rough ER or free in the cytosol
Function(s) – Reads RNA to synthesize proteins
Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells

14. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure – a system of membranous tubes and sacs covered with dark dots (ribosomes)
Function(s)
- Makes alterations to proteins produced by ribosomes
- Folds proteins into the correct shapes
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

15. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure - A system of membranous tubules and sacs
Function(s) - helps move lipids, steroids, and fatty acids within the cell (intracellular highway); regulates calcium levels; breaks down toxic substances
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

16. Golgi Apparatus (Complex)
Structure - A series of flattened sacs with a characteristic convex shape
Function(s) – Processes and packages proteins and substances produced by cells; instructs the substances where to go
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

17. Lysosomes
Structure - Small spherical organelles that enclose digesting enzymes within single membranes
Function(s) - Digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances; recycling center
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells
Digesting enzymes

18. Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments )
Structure - A network of long protein strands located in the cytosol
Function(s) - Provides internal shape and support to cells (microfilaments and microtubules)
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

19. Flagella and Cilia Structure
- Flagella: Whip-like tail(s) extending from the surface of some cells
- Cilia: Short hair-like organelles that extend from the surface of some cells
Function(s)
- Propel the cell through the environment
- Move materials over the surface of the cell
Flagella and Cilia
Found In
- Bacteria and Animal Cells

20. Centrioles
Structure - Cylindrical bodies that appear during cell division
Function(s) – Help move DNA during division in animal cells
Found In - Animal cells only

21. Cell Wall
Structure - A rigid covering that lies outside the cell membrane made of long chains of cellulose
Function(s) - Provides external protection and support to plant cells
Found In – Plants cells only
(Bacteria can have a cell wall but it is biochemically different from plant cell walls)

22. Vacuole Structure - Fluid filled membranous sac
Function(s) - Stores enzymes and wastes; cell’s warehouse
Found In - Animal and Plant Cells
(Can be very large in plants cells, but small in animal cells)

23. Plastid
Structure - Organelles surrounded by two membranes and contain their own DNA
Function(s) - Stores food or pigment
Found In - Plant cells only

24. Chloroplast
Structure - Oval organelle surrounded by a double membrane that encloses a system of flattened membranous sacs
Function(s) – Contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis; a type of plastid.
Found In - Plant cells only