1. Climate Change Technology Needs Assessment for Thailand Water Resource Management Porranee Thanapakpawin Surajate Boonya-Aroonnet Pintip Vajarothai Aungkana Pratumthong Royol Chitradon Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand 1

2. The changing water situation: Impacts from Climate change Management challenges Framework for technology needs assessment Prioritized adaptation technologies Content 2

3. 3 1950-1997 average 1,374 mm./year 2001-2010 annual rainfall anomaly (mm) compared to 1950-1997 average Rainfall has been above average in the past decade Greater inter-annual variability compared to past 3

4. (38.7) (58.5) (36.1) (39.3) (80.9) (19.2) (145.7)(mm/month) Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 mm Monthly rainfall map: March compared to 1950-1997 average Greater change of monthly rainfall – timing, location, and intensity (e.g. Season change) 4

5. (174.1) (196.4) (270.5) (204.2) (209.9) (111.0) (212.0) Monthly rainfall map: May compared to 1950-1997 average Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 mm (mm/month) 5

6. (219.2) (244.8) (219.2) (187.6) (197.3) (299.8) (288.8) Monthly rainfall map: August compared to 1950-1997 average mm Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (mm/month) 6

7. (236.0) (248.7) (233.1) (268.5) (227.2) (222.4) (314.9) Monthly rainfall map: September compared to 1950-1997 average mm (mm/month) Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 7

8. Source: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Several areas experience both flood & drought problems Flood risk (left) and drought risk (right) areas 8

9. Photo: Channel 3 Photo taken Sep 14, 11: Surajate B.Aroonnet Photo: thairath.co.th 9 Thailand 2011 Flood Photo taken Sep 14, 11: Surajate B.Aroonnet

10. Source: Climatic Data Center/NESDIS/NOAA El Nino and La Nina alternates more frequently. Expect higher climate variability El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) linked to Climate change 10

11. ที่มา: IPCC (2551) Project increased rainfall 11 Future projection of 2090-2099 annual runoff, relative to 1980-1999

12.  Only 6% of rainfall is collected in large reservoirs  High inter-annual reservoir inflow variability (19% nation-wide, 20-30% regionally)  Only 13% of agricultural areas is irrigated Management challenges: Thailand Water Infrastructure 12

13. 13 Goal of Thailand WRM & our technology needs Solve both flood & drought problems together Build water security for all user sectors -Macro level: Irrigated agriculture, Industry, Urban areas -Micro level: Rain-fed agriculture Targets of technology needs: -Secure capitol water supply through storage & distribution -Build management flexibility in all climate & demand scenarios -Minimize disaster risks & impacts -Build knowledge/know-how and data 13

14. 14 Framework for prioritizing “adaptation” technologies

15. Objectives 1234567 Technology Group Analyze from output/outcome (High Impact)(Low Impact) Analyze from SWOT Criteria Funding source Internal funding Domestic development High Impact High SWOT High/Low Impact Low SWOT Multi Criteria Prioritized Technology The process for technology prioritization 15 Review possible technologies External funding/ Technology transfer

16. 16 Technology needs for macro-management Long-range weather forecast (3-7 months) Flood sensorweb (Event detection, monitoring, and decision support system ) Networking of water infrastructures & management 16

17. 17 Community Water Resource Management (CWRM): Secure water through integrated supply and demand management  Application of science, technology & innovation  Knowledge management  Capacity & collaborative network building

18. 18 *collected from 15 households in 2009 Success story of CWRM in a village in NE Thailand Yearly Family Data* (Thai Baht) Before2007 2008 (with CWRM) 2009 (with Integrated Farming) 2010 (CWRM + Integrated Farming) INCOME 103,0001,544,7642,227,3542,474,2344,079,354 Rice Field 103,000417,850621,060973,630844,370 Farming -917,271640,500437,2201,257,800 Integrated farming -209,643965,7941,063,3841,977,184 Expenditure 114,000693,4961,067,451890,3411,479,606 Net Income -11,000851,2681,159,9031,583,8932,599,747 Accumulating debt decreased from 2.6 million THB to 1.84 million THB in 2009

19. 19 Summary Goal of Thailand WRM: Water & agricultural security Technology needs: Flexible infrastructures & Better management: planning, operation & disaster management Macro-management: - Networking of water infrastructures & management - Long-range weather forecast (3-7 months) - Flood sensorweb Micro-management: CWRM as a key risk-based adaptation approach to cope with climate variability & build sustainable agriculture 19

20. Telemeter data Remote sensing/ GIS Oceanic data Risk assessment Network & Clustering Users Disaster management Flash flood & landslide warning Water flow network Survey/observation Forecasting/ Modeling Operation Planning 20 Integration of technology use Reservoir networking

21. Result of technology prioritization 21 Ranking based on “Impact assessment” (for external funding/technology transfer) Ranking based on “Capacity assessment” (for domestic development) Operation of Water InfrastructuresEnvironmental Observation 1. Networking (via pipes or canals) and management of infrastructures (including zoning) 2. Salt water intrusion management 1. Automatic telemetry Weather & Hydrological ModelingCommunity Water Resource Management (CWRM) 3. Seasonal climate prediction 2. Survey and mapping, including community stream water flow concept diagram 3. Engineering enhancement to increase efficiency in local water management (including rain water harvest and wind break) Flood & Drought Risk Management 4. Structural technologies/practices for risk reduction (irrigation structure/rubber dam) 4. Nonstructural technologies/practices for risk reduction 5. Strategies for developing and managing secondary and emergency water resources (including conjunctive use) Early WarningInfrastructure Operations 5. Sensor web using observation and/or modeling data6. Scenario setting for both supply and demand Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWRM) 6. Urban flood management7. Develop an urban water supply and drainage concept diagram