1. Kingdom Plantae

2. Chapter 22: Introduction to Plants Why are plants important? Why are plants important? Kingdom Kingdom Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Eubacteria Eubacteria Protista Protista Fungi Fungi Plantae Plantae Animalia Animalia

3. Kingdom Plantae General Characteristics General Characteristics Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Multicellular Multicellular Autotrophic Autotrophic Photosynthetic Photosynthetic Alternation of Generations Alternation of Generations n=gametophyte n=gametophyte 2n=sporophyte 2n=sporophyte

4. The Importance of Plants Plants and People Plants and People Food Food Non-food uses Non-food uses Medicine & industrial uses Medicine & industrial uses Plants and the Environment Plants and the Environment Ecology Ecology Interactions Interactions Harmful plants Harmful plants

5. What Plants Need to Survive Sunlight Sunlight Water and Minerals Water and Minerals Gas Exchange Gas Exchange Movement of Water and Nutrients Movement of Water and Nutrients

6. Early Plants Change in the Environment Change in the Environment Origins in Water Origins in Water Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Natural selection Natural selection Challenges Challenges Preventing Water Loss Preventing Water Loss Waxy cuticle Waxy cuticle stomata stomata Reproduction by spores and seeds Reproduction by spores and seeds Transporting materials Transporting materials

7. Overview of the Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Nonvascular Bryophyta Bryophyta No specialized tissues to transport fluids No specialized tissues to transport fluids Examples – moss, liverworts and hornworts Examples – moss, liverworts and hornworts Vascular Vascular Pterophyta Pterophyta Specialized tissues Specialized tissues Seedless Seedless Examples – Fern, Horsetail and Club Moss Examples – Fern, Horsetail and Club Moss Seed Seed Gymnosperm Gymnosperm Cones with Naked seeds Cones with Naked seeds Example – Conifer, Cycad and Ginkgo Example – Conifer, Cycad and Ginkgo Angiosperm Angiosperm Flowering and Fruits Flowering and Fruits Woody and herbaceous Woody and herbaceous

8. Chapter 23: Structures of Seed Plants Three Principal Organs Three Principal Organs Roots Roots Stems Stems Leaves Leaves

9. Specialized Tissue in Plants Dermal Tissue Dermal Tissue single layer w/ cuticle single layer w/ cuticle Ground Tissue Ground Tissue Bulk of plant Bulk of plant Vascular Tissue Vascular Tissue Support and transportation of food and water Support and transportation of food and water

10. Vascular Tissue Xylem Xylem Water movement Water movement Tracheid cells Tracheid cells Phloem Phloem Sugar and nutrient movement Sugar and nutrient movement Sieve tube elements Sieve tube elements

11. Specialized Plant Cells in Ground Tissue Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma -general - strand/ cylinder - support -general - strand/ cylinder - support

12. Roots Types of Roots Types of Roots Taproot Taproot Fibrous Fibrous adventitious adventitious

13. Root Functions Root Functions Anchor Anchor Absorb water Absorb water Root hairs Root hairs Absorb minerals Absorb minerals How does water get to the How does water get to the top of a tree? top of a tree?

14. Stems Functions Functions Produce leaves, branches and flowers Produce leaves, branches and flowers Transport of water Transport of water Storing water and nutrients Storing water and nutrients Support leaves Support leaves

15. Growth of Stems Growth of Stems Primary growth – cell division of apical meristem Primary growth – cell division of apical meristem Secondary growth – various layers of xylem and phloem Secondary growth – various layers of xylem and phloem Reading a Tree’s History - Dendrochronology Reading a Tree’s History - Dendrochronology

16. Leaves Types of Leaves Types of Leaves Simple and compound Simple and compound Leaf Structure Leaf Structure Functions Functions Modifications for capturing light Modifications for capturing light Gas exchange Gas exchange Transpiration Transpiration

17. Chapter 24: Plant Reproduction Life Cycles Moss Fern Conifer

18. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Structure of Flowers Structure of Flowers

19. Pollination Pollination Wind and animals Wind and animals Double Fertilization Double Fertilization

20. Seed Structure

21. Seed and Fruit Development Seed and Fruit Development Dispersal Dispersal Animal Animal Wind Wind Water Water Dormancy Dormancy Germination Germination

22. Chapter 25: Plant Hormones Auxin Auxin Cytokinins Cytokinins Gibberellins Gibberellins Ethylene Ethylene

23. Plant Responses Tropisms Tropisms Phototropism Phototropism Gravitropism Gravitropism Thigmotropism Thigmotropism Chemotropism Chemotropism

24. Plant Adaptations Aquatic Aquatic Salt-Tolerant Salt-Tolerant Desert Desert Nutritional Specialists Nutritional Specialists Epiphytes Epiphytes Chemical Defense Chemical Defense