1. Middle & Southern Colonies
Section 4
Chapter 2

2. English Civil War
The fall of New Amsterdam and the founding of New York in 1664 marked a new wave of English Colonization.
For more than 20 years the battle between the Puritans and the English King finally led to war.

3. English Civil War – starts in 1642
King Charles I – sent troops to arrest several Puritan leaders in English Parliament.
Response by Puritans
Organizing own army
1646 Parliament defeated King Charles, capturing him and eventually putting him to death. Oliver Cromwell gave himself the title “Lord Protector of England.”

4. Colonies Choose Sides Support King or Parliament?
Virginia – Gov & House of Burgesses
Supported King until 1652 – forced to change sides
Parliament sent a fleet to make them change sides.

5. Maryland’s Own Civil War…kind of
Supported the King
Protestants rebel in 1644
Lord Baltimore appoints Protestant Governor
Introduced Maryland Toleration Act – 1659
Religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland
Provide protection of Catholic minority

6. Colonization Resumes After 20 years of turmoil Looking for stability
Oliver Cromwell dies
King Charles II takes the throne
Restoration occurs
English Government takes lead in promoting Colonization.

7. King interested in areas of expansion
New Netherland becomes New York
1664 King Charles decided to seize
Granted all land from Delaware Bay to the Connecticut River to his brother James, the Duke of York.
Four warships sent to seize the land from Dutch
New York named
Land granted to 2 advisers
Sir George Carteret
Lord John Berkeley
Attracted Settlers
Generous land grants
Religious Freedom
Right to elective Legislative assembles
Many Puritans head to New Jersey

8. Admiral William Penn
Close friend to the King – loaned ships to King but died before he was repaid.
Son – also name William Penn inherited estate
1680 – Petitioned King for land between New York and Maryland to settle debt.
King hesitant – Penn was a Quaker

9. Quakers Everyone has their own “inner light” from God.
No need for Church or Ministers
Bible less authority
Advocated Pacifism – (non-violence)
Persecuted in every almost colony
Would have never received their own colony without William Penn

10. Holy Experiment
William Penn and other wealthy Quakers bought New Jersey (land from Berkeley and Carteret).
Penn asked King Charles for land
Pennsylvania named (named after his father – land of political and religious freedom – The Holy Experiment
Also felt Native Americans had been treated unjustly and resolved to win friendship

11. Treaty of Shackamaxon
Lenni Lanape – (Native American Group) ceded land to the colonists.
Began 70 years of peace between Europeans and Native Americans
Capital – Philadelphia built – “the city of brotherly love”.
Constitution prepared – “frame of government”
Allowed anyone who owned land or paid taxes to vote.
Confused settlers
New Charter designed – appointed governor, owners of 50 acres + faith in Jesus gave voting rights.

12. Pennsylvania Continued
Non-Christians had rights to practice their religion without interference.
Land was readily available.
Many Germans and Scots-Irish migrated here as well.
Over 7000 people
Philadelphia Rivaled Boston and New York as a center for trade and commerce.

13. Delaware Purchased by Penn - 1682 3 Counties south of Pennsylvania
Purchased from Duke of York

14. Carolina Land South of Virginia
King Charles granted land to eight friends and political allies.
Land named Carolina – Latin version of “Charles”

15. North Carolina
Mostly settlers / farmers drifting from Virginia in the 1650’s
No good coastlines and harbors making ships difficult to reach.
Grew slowly – eventually began growing tobacco.
Exported naval supplies such as tar, pitch and turpentine

16. South Carolina Proprietors interested in Southern part of the colony
Sugarcane- suitable for growing, so they thought originally, did not work out.
Charles Town became the capital named after King Charles – now known as Charleston

17. South Carolina Exported deerskin
Began capturing Native Americans and shipping them to the Caribbean as enslaved workers, where the demand for them was high

18. Georgia A place where the poor could start over.
A strategic buffer between the English and the Spanish Florida
King George II granted James Oglethorpe and 19 trustees the land and settlement began at the mouth of the Savannah River in 1733.

19. Georgia Originally Banned Limited Attracted Settlers from all over.
Slavery
Rum
Brandy
Changed 1740
Limited
Land grants to 500 acres
Attracted Settlers from all over.
Scots
Germans
Italians
Swiss
Elected Assembly 1750
Royal Colony 1751