1. Check condition of victim (“Are you O.K.?) If unconscious (does not respond) -- Call 911. Check “ABC’s” (also called primary survey):  Airway: hand on forehead and chin/tilt head back  Breathing: get close to their face and Look, Listen, Feel for breaths  Circulation: check pulse at carotid artery Care for the conditions you find

2. Victim is conscious – you must get consent prior to assisting victim (“Can I help you”?) Signs and Symptoms (what looks to be the problem) Allergic to anything? Medications of any kind? Previous medical history? Last oral intake (last time you ate?) Events leading up to incident Care for the conditions you find

3. Heart Attack/Cardiac Arrest + use of an AED Stroke Shock Diabetic Emergency Seizures Allergic Reactions Asthma Attack Heat Exhaustion/Heat Stroke

4. Check (Are you O.K.?) Get Consent Position yourself behind victim Lean victim forward with one arm across their chest Give 5 back blows between shoulder blades Wrap arms around victim with thumb side of your fist approx 1-2 inches above navel. Give 5 abdominal thrusts (in and up) Continue until object comes out or victim becomes unconscious

5. Controlling Bleeding: direct pressure on wound Wounds: clean wound/control bleeding/use sterile dressing to wrap or cover wound Burns: flush with cool water (except electrical burns) Sprains/Strains/Fractures: only immobilize if you are going to move victim – otherwise call 911.

6. Caused by a pathogen which enters the body. In order to get infected, the following must be present:  Pathogen must be present  Must be in sufficient quantity  Must be an entry site  Person must be susceptible If any of these 4 are missing, infection will not occur.

7. Droplet Transmission: person will inhale infected droplets (cough or sneeze) Direct Contact: infected blood or body fluids enter a person’s body at a correct entry site. Indirect Contact: a person touches infected blood or body fluids, then that infected matter enters through a correct entry site. Vector-borne Transmission: an infectious source penetrates the skin.

8. Outbreak: sudden start of a disease (Norwalk High) Epidemic: widespread occurrence of an infectious disease (City of Norwalk/State of Connecticut) Pandemic: a disease prevalent over an entire country or world