1. Relocation and Dislocation

2. Internal Migration Migration that occurs within a country’s borders.
Examples/Reasons for internal vs. international:
same language, familiar cultural aspects, shorter distances traveled

3. INTERNAL MIGRATIONS Two Types: Intraregional Interregional

4. Intraregional Migration
Intraregional migrations--people moving or being moved within one geographic realm (region) of a country
Current examples:
Rural to urban:
increases with development, ¾ of core countries population in urban areas
Urban to suburban:
lifestyle changes (babies)
Metropolitan to nonmetropolitan areas:
called counter-urbanization, increased technology allows people to work outside of the city

5. Interregional Migrations
Interregional Migration-people moving or being moved from one geographic realm (region) to another within a country
From South
Current USA examples:
Movement North to South, and East to West
Net migration (immigrants-emigrants) Figures as of 2007
South-(+1,419,000)
Northeast-(-915,000)
Midwest-(-533,000)
West-(+29,000)
refugees/evacuees from the Gulf Coast region to other parts of the United States
Rural to urban areas to find work

6. Interregional Migrations
Current World examples:
To Brazil’s interior: Brasilia
to North in Italy, and North to South in the UK for Jobs
Islands of development are cities with foreign investment and jobs
West African coast
European colonies in SE Asia attracted Chinese

7. External Migration Movement across country borders
Also called International migration
Emigrant: one who migrates out of a country
Subtracts from total population
Immigrant: one who migrates into a country
Adds to total population

8. Major Global Migration Flows
From 1500 to 1950

9. Global Migration Patterns
From less-developed Stage 2 countries into more-developed Stage 4 countries
3 largest migration flows
Asia to Europe
Asia to North America
Latin America to North America
Net In Migration: North America, Europe, Oceania (more people moving in)
Net Out Migration: Asia, Latin America, Africa
(more people moving out)

10. US Immigration Patterns
Three main waves
1. Colonial America:
European settlement- 2 million, mostly British
African slaves – 800, 000

11. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 2001

12. US Immigration Patterns
2. 19th century ( )
3 European Peaks
1840s and 1850s:
-Northern and Western Europe (Ireland, Germany)
1880s:
-Northern and Western Europe (Ireland, Germany, Norway, Sweden) :
-Southern and Eastern Europe [Italy, Russia, Austria-Hungary (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine) ]

13. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 2001

14. US Immigration Patterns
3. Second-half of 20th century ( )
Less developed regions
Latin America: Mexico, Dominican Republic, El Salvador
Asia: China, Philippines, India, Vietnam

15. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 2001

16. Immigration Policies USA Quota Laws
Quota Act of 1921 and Origins Act of 1924: 2% of 1910 population
Immigration Act of 1965
1968: Hemisphere quotas
1978: Global Quotas
Currently: Global Quota of 620, 000 with no more than 7% from each country
Major Exceptions: family reunification, employment, talented, refugees

17. Immigration Policies
Brain Drain: large-scale emigration by talented people out of the periphery
Guest Workers: To Europe from Middle East and North Africa
Example: 750,000 Turks employed in Germany
Time-Contract workers: South and East Asian workers to Southeast Asia

18. What about refugees? UN definition
A person who has well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political group.
UN reports 24 million refugees worldwide
Is this accurate?

19. What about refugees? UN definitions
International refugees:
Those who have crossed one or more international borders and are encamped in a country other than their own
Intranational refugees:
Those who have abandoned their homes but not their homeland

20. It is difficult to identify refugees.
No mention of natural/enviromental disaster
UN must distinguish between refugees and voluntary migrants before granting asylum.
Three general characteristics, individual or aggregate (collectively):
Most refugees move without any more tangible property than they can carry or transport with them.
Most refugees make their first “step” on foot, by bicycle, wagon, or open boat.
Refugees move without the official documents that accompany channeled migrations.

21. Regions of Dislocation
Sub-Saharan Africa
Several of the world’s largest refugee crises plagued Africa during the 1990s and early 21st century -8 million “official” refugees
Civil wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, and Sudan
Hostilities between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes in Rwanda

22. Other regions of dislocation…
North Africa and Southwest Asia
Israel and the displaced Arab populations that surround it
Exhibits qualities that are likely to generate additional refugee flow in the future
The Kurdish population following the Gulf War (1991)
Taliban rule in Afghanistan
Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion during the 1980s

23. Regions of dislocation continued…
South Asia
Pakistan accommodated forced emigrants from Afghanistan
Major refugee problem stems from a civil war in Sri Lanka

24. Regions of dislocation continued…
Southeast Asia
1979-“Boat people” who fled communist rule in Vietnam (2 million). Settled in developed countries-US, Canada, UK, France
In the early 1990s, Cambodia generated the region’s largest refugee flow
Today--largest number of refugees come from Myanmar (Burma). Ethnic Rohingya fleeing refugee camps and persecution.

25. Regions of dislocation continued…
Europe
After the collapse of Yugoslavia, over 1 million were displaced
South America
Colombian illegal drug violence, especially in rural areas