1. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Leonardo, Muffat and Multicultural Teams EVTA, Budapest, 25 February, 2005 Mike van der Vijver, ITIM

2. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Lets establish some basic assumptions 1.National cultures exist; 2.Cultures are based on shared values; 3.Essential values are taught implicitly at an early age; 4.Differences between national cultures imply different value preferences; 5.These differences impact the way people work together.

3. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Different work-related values Different values imply different expectations about behaviour in work situations. That is the influence of culture on international teamwork.

4. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005

5. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Multicultural Teams (compared to homogeneous teams) are more creative; produce more and better alternative solutions; generate more and better criteria for evaluation; perform better at complex decision-making tasks. Provided they are managed well!

6. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Managing culturally diverse teams Requires finding solutions to issues about which people from different cultures have different expectations.

7. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Management Issues in Multicultural Teams choice of leader function of leader leadership style make-up of team create team spirit division of tasks among team members team meetings style and method of communication feed-back decision-making

8. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Management Issues in Multicultural Teams (2) degree of formality/informality information flow tolerance of deviating behaviour rituals internal rules importance of specialist expertise acceptance of risks time management celebration of outcomes team post mortem

9. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005

10. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 How to solve these issues? 1.Use one reference cultures - e.g. that of the majority of team members. 2.The Muffat Model – find the largest common denominator. 3.The Leonardo Model – the hard way.

11. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 The Leonardo Model Be scientific: fact-based solutions, rooted in intercultural theory. Be Crea ive: stimulate your creativity by allowing yourself to experience unexpected things. Be an inventor: combine theory and creativity to come up with synthesis solutions.

12. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 Outcome of the Leonardo Model Awareness Understanding Empathy Intercultural Competence This is a lifelong learning process!

13. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005 The world is full of people with ideas different from ours Says an 86-year-old English lady to her husband after 62 years of marriage: John, everybody seems so strange these days. Even you are strange sometimes...

14. Vectors to Innovation : Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo Vecteurs pour lInnovation : Rendre à Leonardo lesprit de Leonardo Budapest 24 - 25/02/2005