Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byCora Quinn Modified over 9 years ago
1
Sustainable Small Farming and Ranching IPM of Insect Pests and Disease Adapted from original presentation by D. P. Muehleisen, Evergreen State College
2
What is IPM? There are many different definitions Key concepts: Pests and management Integrated pest management is a sustainable approach to controlling insect pest populations that combines (PAMS)(PAMS) prevention, avoidance, monitoring suppression strategies in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks.
3
History of IPM Early years, pesticide based – some feel it was more “Integrated Pesticide Management ” Now moving towards ecosystem based Key concept: integrate numerous of compatible control strategies to maximize population stabilization
4
Prevention Various practices that keep pests from infesting a production site (i.e. field, orchard, or greenhouse) Examples Using pest free seed or transplants Field sanitation Eliminating alternative hosts
5
Avoidance When pests are already present in the general area, but pest impact can be minimized through various cultural practices. Crop rotation Crop choices Trap crops Adjusting planting schedule Early planting, late planting, not planting Resistance traits Fast maturing varieties
6
Monitoring The key component to any IPM program Proper identification of pest – know your enemy Monitoring program Traps Weather monitoring Soil testing, when appropriate Record keeping Pest incidence and distribution in each field
7
Suppression To avoid economic loss, population suppression technique may be necessary Cultural practices No-till or strip till Cover crops or mulches Companion planting Allelopathic properties Physical suppression Baited or pheromone traps Exclusion devices Row covers Biological Control Mating disruption Pheromone Sterile release Conservation Augmentation Chemical/biopesticide control Considered a last resort Evaluate Cost to benefit ratio
8
Problems with pesticides: The pesticide treadmill Resistance Resurgence Secondary pests Residues
9
What does Resurgence and Resistance look like?
10
The Basic Elements of an IPM Program Know crop growth cycle Know the pest Combine methods Attack the weak link Monitor Preserve beneficials Gain threshold= management cost ($/ac)/market value ( $/bu)
11
Planning an on Farm IPM Program Ecosystem management Cultural control Information resources Monitoring program Record keeping Know your options
12
Ecosystem management effects on carrying capacity Carrying capacity impacts Economic Threshold and Economic Injury Level Farmscaping - Managing habitat for beneficial populations require shelter food water
13
Plants to Attract and Feed Beneficial Insects Umbelliferae family carrot, yarrow, Queen Anne’s lace, dill, anise, fennel, coriander, parsley Compositae family zinnia, marigold, aster, daisies, mums, black-eyed susan, coneflower, Coreopsis Mint family and Perennial herbs mints, thyme, sage, oregano, bee balm, basil Other plants salvias, wallflowers, nasturtiums, poppies, etc. goldenrod dill wild carrot
14
Cultural Control Varieties/Cropping System Developmental rate Planting dates/harvesting dates Crop rotation
15
Plant varieties /Cropping systems Cultivar selection is critical Control achieved through various planting methods – multiple, interplanting, intercropping Multiple cropping Sequential production Interplanting Cover crop Intercropping Two or more crops on the same land at the same time Strip cropping
16
Cover Crops
17
Click on image to start video
18
Biological Controls Conservation of naturally occurring methods of population stabilization Predators Parasitoids Augmentation of organisms that will help to stabilize population of pests Predators Parasitoids
19
Predators Lady bird beetles AdultsLarva
20
Predators Green Lacewing AdultsLarva
21
Predators Syrphid fly AdultsLarva
22
Predators Orius insidious
23
Parasitoids Peristenus digoneutis Encarsia inaron
24
Augmentation: Predator/Parasite release
25
Mechanical/Physical controls Row covers Hand picking Sticky boards Plant collars
26
Insecticides Chemical pesticides Biochemicals pyrethrins rotenone azadirachtin Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Synthetic pesticides with properties of natural substance Permethrin (Pounce) Biopesticides Bacteria Fungi Viruses
27
Monitoring of pest populations Scouting fields Hand lens Random samples Trapping Pheromone traps Light traps Pit fall traps Sticky traps Sweep Net Vacuuming Beat sheets Random Samples: a measure of the total population
28
Field Scouting Point Sample Random samples
29
Sweep net sample
30
Trapping Lure trap Visual trap Pheromone trap Visual trap Pheromone trap
31
Beat sheet
32
Sustainable Small Farming and Ranching Disease Control
33
ID your problem Contact County Extension Educator Contact Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences Dept. at University of Idaho Check out the Idaho Plant Disease Reporter http://www.uidaho.edu/ag/plantdisease/
34
How does a disease spread?
35
Disease Distribution and its Impact Disease distribution Occurrence over time Apple powdery mildew
36
Principles of Disease Management Resistant varieties Disease free seed Crop rotation Sanitation Healthy soil Weed control Control insect pests
37
Traditional Principles of Plant Disease Control Exclusion Eradication Protection Resistance Therapy
38
Apply Specific Tactics for: Reduction of Initial Inoculum Reduction of the Infection Rate Reduction of the Duration of the Epidemic
39
Disease Causing Agents Fungi Bacteria Viruses
40
Fungi life cycle Example: Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint Apple scab
41
Bacteria Erwinia amylovora Fire blight
42
Viruses Tobamovirus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus
43
More on plant diseases Check out this 4 page colored publication from ATTRA’s publication on Organic Integrated Pest Management http://www.attra.org/attra-pub/PDF/IPM/disease.pdf
44
Healthy Plants = stronger immunity to pests & disease Click on image to start video
45
Good house keeping skills for controlling disease and pests Click on image to start video
46
Credits Presentation developed by Dave P. Muehleisen, Evergreen State College. Video segments taken from: “Nothing But Herbs: A Case Study of a Small-Acreage Farm” produced by Ben Troka, University of Idaho College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Copywrite 2001, University of Idaho Extension. “Weed ‘Em and Reap, Part 2: Reduced Tillage Strategies for Vegetable Cropping Systems.” Produced by Alex Stone, Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture. Copywrite 2005, Oregon State University.
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.